Cultivez votre force par l'humilité et observez comment la véritable résilience vous guide vers des percées profondes.
From
15
Modestie
To
28
Masse critique
Travailler dur
On fait suffisamment d'efforts pour que les autres les remarquent. taoscopy.com
Modestie15
Adoptez l'humilité et l'équilibre ; laissez la modestie guider vos actions pour un progrès harmonieux.
↓ Line 2
Lorsque la modestie s'exprime naturellement, elle conduit à des résultats positifs et à un succès durable.
↓ Line 4
La modestie dans l'action est toujours bénéfique et conduit au progrès.
↓ Line 5
Évitez d'exhiber vos ressources. Utilisez-les plutôt de manière judicieuse et affirmée pour atteindre vos objectifs.
↓ Masse critique28
Adoptez la résilience en période de pression écrasante. Reconnaissez le fardeau, apportez les ajustements nécessaires et cherchez du soutien pour éviter l'effondrement. L'équilibre est crucial pour un succès durable.
Other titles: Modesty, The Symbol of Humility, Moderation, Humbling, Respectful/Humble, Yielding/Retiring. 1. Obtaining this hexagram implies that modesty is needed in our attitude, meaning, to allow ourself to be led without resistance. – C.K. Anthony. 2. A Humble or modest person is thought of as having an “empty or unoccupied” mind, meaning a mind without prejudice. – Chung Wu. 3. Only superior people who practice Tao know where to stop, disregard what they have and appear to have nothing. – T. Cleary.
Judgment
Legge:Temperance indicates successful progress. Temperancebrings a good issue to the superior man's undertakings.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty creates success. The superior man carries things through.
Blofeld:Modesty brings success. The Superior Man is able to carry affairs through to completion.
Liu: Modesty: success. The superior man can continue to work to the end.
Ritsema/Karcher: Humbling, Growing. A chun tzu possesses completing. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of the necessity to cut through pride and complication. It emphasizes that keeping your words unpretentious is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Modesty: Receipt; the gentleman has an end.
Cleary (1):Humility is developmental. The superior person has a conclusion.
Cleary (2):Humility gets through. A leader has a conclusion.
Wu:Humility is pervasive. The jun zi will have grace in death.
The Image
Legge: A mountain hidden within the earth -- the image of Temperance. The superior man, in accordance with this, diminishes his excesses to augment his insufficiencies, thus creating a just balance.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Within the earth, a mountain: the image of Modesty. Thus the superior man reduces that which is too much, and augments that which is too little. He weighs things and makes them equal.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes a mountain in the centre of the earth. The Superior Man takes from where there is too much in order to augment what is too little. He weighs things and apportions them fairly. [The component trigrams symbolize a mountain surrounded by flat earth, thus suggesting too much in one place and too little in others.]
Liu: The mountain within the earth symbolizes modesty. The superior man reduces the excess and increases the lacking; he weighs and then equalizes all things.
Ritsema/Karcher: Earth center possessing mountain. Humbling. A chun tzu uses reducing the numerous to augment the few. A chun tzu uses evaluating beings to even spreading-out.
Cleary (1): There are mountains in the earth; modesty. Thus does the superior person decrease the abundant and add to the scarce, assessing things and dealing impartially.
Cleary (2): … Leaders assess people and give impartially, by taking from the abundant and adding to the scarce.
Wu: There is a mountain inside earth; this is Humility. Thus the jun zi takes excess from the more to enrich the less and measures goods to ensure fair distribution. [To prepare oneself to accept what is fair among all his fellow men is the essence of humility.]
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: It is the way of heaven to dispense its blessings downwards, and the way of earth to radiate its influence upwards. Both heaven and earth diminish the full to augment the lowly. Spiritual beings inflict calamity on the proud and bless the meek, and men resent ostentation and love temperance. Temperanceenlightens an honorable office, and neither will men ignore it in lowly positions. Thus does the superior man attain his ends. [Emphasis editor's -- Ritsema/Karcher translate "spiritual beings" [Kuei Shen] as: "The whole range of imaginal beings both inside and outside the individual; spiritual powers, gods, demons, ghosts, powers, fetishes.”]
Legge: An essay on temperance rightly follows that on abundant possessions. The third line, dynamic among five magnetic lines, in the topmost place of the trigram of Keeping Still, is the ruler of the hexagram. He is the representative of Temperance -- strong, but self-effacing. The idea is that temperance is the way to permanent success.
The Confucian commentary deals generally with the subject of temperance, showing how it is valued by heaven and earth, by spirits and by men. The descent of the heavenly influences, and the low position of the earth are both symbolic of temperance. The heavenly influences are seen in the daily fluctuations of the sun and moon, and the fertility of the earth correspondingly waxes and wanes with the seasons.
The Daily Lecture says:"The five yin lines above and below symbolize the earth; the one yang line in the center is the mountain in the midst of the earth. The many yin lines represent men's desires; the one yang line represents the heavenly principle. The superior man, looking at this symbolism, diminishes the multitude of human desires within him, and increases the single shoot of the heavenly principle; so does he become grandly just, and can deal with all things evenly according to the nature of each. In whatever circumstances or place he is, he will do what is right.”
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Temperance means maintaining a dynamic/magnetic balance of forces to attain success.
The Superior Man maintains equilibrium in all that he does.
The most common translation of the title for this hexagram is Modesty, but I have chosen Temperance as a title more expressive of the ideas in the Image and Confucian commentary. The words “modesty” and “humility” often carry a connotation of weakness in western usage, and “temperance,” meaning to temper or regulate, is more expressive of the dynamic strength of will required to restrain and modulate the drive to dominate every situation.
The Image shows a mountain hidden beneath the earth--the quiet, invincible power of sheer will is hidden from view, yet it influences everything. Who observing such a level surface would know that the bulk of Mt. Everest was buried beneath it? Temperance means that one's power is hidden, that the fluctuations of heaven and earth are kept in such dynamic/magnetic balance as to be invisible to ordinary vision. The temperate person is strong enough to bear the weight of the world when that is necessary for the Work.
Marcus Aurelius, the Stoic Roman Emperor, was arguably the most powerful man of his time, yet his temperance and modesty showed him to fulfill the ideal of the superior man. Only the truly strong can be truly modest.
And let this truth be present to thee in the excitement of anger, that to be moved by passion is not manly, but that mildness and gentleness, as they are more agreeable to human nature, so also are they more manly; and he who possesses these qualities possesses strength, nerves and courage, and not the man who is subject to fits of passion and discontent. For in the same degree in which a man's mind is nearer to freedom from all passion, in the same degree also is it nearer to strength. Marcus Aurelius
Line 2
Legge: The second line, magnetic, shows us temperance that has made itself recognized. With firm correctness there will be good fortune.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty that comes to expression. Perseverance brings good fortune.
Blofeld: Modestly crows the cock. Righteous persistence brings good fortune.
Liu: Modesty is expressed. Continuing brings good fortune.
Shaughnessy: Calling modesty; determination is auspicious.
Cleary (1): Expressing humility is upright and good.
Cleary (2): Expressing humility is good if correct.
Wu: The subject rolls about humility. With perseverance there will be auspiciousness.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She has the virtue in the core of her heart. Wilhelm/ Baynes: He has it in the depths of his heart. Blofeld: The cry reaches the depths of our hearts. Ritsema/Karcher: Centering the heart acquiring indeed. Cleary (2): Good if correct in the sense of attainment of the heart. Wu: Because it comes from the heart.
Legge: Line two is magnetic, central, and in her proper place. She represents temperance that has "crowed” -- that is, has proclaimed itself.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Modesty is at the core of the man's being and reveals itself in his outward behavior.
Wing: By maintaining a careful inner Moderation, your outward actions gain influence and weight. You will now be entrusted with responsibilities. A thoroughness in your actions brings good fortune.
Editor: Temperance that "crows” seems to be a contradiction in terms; nevertheless, the image suggests the expression of temperance in one's behavior. A certain sacrifice of autonomy is implied.
The greater you are, the more you should behave humbly, and then you will find favor with the Lord. Ecclesiasticus 3: 19
A. Submit to the requirements of the time.
B. "Modesty is the best policy."
C. Show a little temperance in your behavior, or maintain your temperate attitude.
Line 4
Legge: The fourth line, magnetic, shows one whose action would be in every way advantageous, stirring up the more her temperance.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Nothing that would not further modesty in movement.
Blofeld: Everything will be propitious for those who cultivate modesty.
Liu: To act with modesty is beneficial toward everything.
Ritsema/Karcher: Without not Harvesting, demonstrating Humbling.
Shaughnessy: There is nothing not beneficial. False modesty.
Cleary (1): Beneficial to all, extending humility.
Cleary (2): Beneficial to all, the exercise of humility.
Wu: Promoting humility is nothing but advantageous.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: In doing this she does not act contrary to the proper rule. Wilhelm/Baynes: He does not overstep the rule. Blofeld: This involves no departure from what is right. Ritsema/Karcher: Not contradicting by-consequence indeed. Cleary (2): This is the way it is supposed to be. Wu: Because it violates no principle.
Legge: Line four is magnetic and in her proper place. She is sure to be successful and prosperous, but being so near the fifth-line ruler she should still use the greatest precaution. The "proper rule” is the rule proper for her in her circumstances so near the place of the ruler.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man maintains his modesty in the proper perspective. He does not avoid his responsibilities, abuse the ruler's confidence, or conceal the subordinate's merit.
Wing: Once the balance of true Moderation is reached, it must be continually maintained. This does not mean simply maintaining the form of Moderation, but continuing to cultivate equilibrium in your character and a sense of responsibility toward your society.
Editor: An unambiguous image of temperate action.
Modesty and humility are not signs of an inferiority complex. They are highly estimable, indeed admirable virtues and not complexes. They prove that their fortunate possessor is not a presumptuous fool but knows his limitations, and will therefore never stumble beyond the bounds of humanity, dazzled and intoxicated by his imagined greatness. Jung -- Depth Psychology and Self-Knowledge
A. Advance the Work through temperate, well-considered action, without exceeding your authority.
Line 5
Legge: The fifth line, magnetic, shows one who, without being rich, is able to employ her neighbors. She may advantageously use the force of arms. All her movements will be advantageous.
Wilhelm/Baynes: No boasting of wealth before one's neighbor. It is favorable to attack with force. Nothing that would not further.
Blofeld: In treating his neighbors, he is modest about his wealth. If he now attacks the rebels, everything will contribute to his success.
Liu: Do not show off your riches to your neighbor. It is beneficial to attack with force. It is favorable for everything.
Ritsema/Karcher: Not affluence: using one's neighbor. Harvesting: availing-of encroaching subjugating. Without not Harvesting.
Shaughnessy: Not wealthy together with his neighbors; beneficial herewith to invade and attack; there is nothing not beneficial.
Cleary (1): Not enriching oneself, one shares with the neighbors. It is beneficial to make an invasion, which will profit all.
Cleary (2): Not rich, employing the neighbors, it is beneficial in invasion and attack; all will profit.
Wu: He is capable of influencing his neighbors, despite his lack of wealth. It will be advantageous to take military actions. [Military actions are advantageous only if used to quell an insurrection, but certainly not to launch an aggression.]
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She may use the force of arms to correct those who do not submit. Wilhelm/Baynes: "It is favorable to attack with force” in order to chastise the disobedient. Blofeld: Such an attack is warranted if the purpose is to chastise those who do not submit to virtuous laws. [This is not an invitation to use force in any circumstances, but only if its use is directed at what is truly perverse or evil.] Ritsema/Karcher: Chastising, not submitting indeed. Cleary (2): In the sense of overcoming the unruly. Wu: Because they are taken against the insurrection.
Legge: Men honor temperance in itself, whether or not it has the power to command obedience and respect. Hence her neighbors follow the ruler in the fifth line, though she may not be very rich or powerful. Her temperance need not prevent her from asserting her rights, even by the force of arms. Any refusal to submit makes an appeal to force necessary. Even the best and most temperate ruler bears the sword, and must not bear it in vain.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man acts energetically with the use of arms, when necessary, in correcting those who do not submit. Even in severity, however, he retains a considerate demeanor, which attracts devoted followers.
Wing: Despite the mild balance that is reached in Moderation, it may be necessary to take forceful action to accomplish your aims. This should not be done with a boastful display of power but with firm, decisive, and objective action. There will be improvement in whatever you undertake.
Editor: Legge's translation differs from the others, stating that one obtains allies from a position of poverty or relative weakness. Wilhelm, Blofeld and Liu all warn about not touting one's wealth (advantage, strength) to one's neighbors -- using them as allies is not specifically mentioned. On the other hand, Ritsema/
Karcher say: "Not affluence: using one's neighbor...” Implicit is the idea that you are in a strong position and needn't belabor the point. The "force of arms” is the use of power, and here we have one able to exercise power through a possible alliance with others like herself (neighbors are peers). Psychologically, it suggests an ego able to discipline and unite most of its inner forces in the furtherance of the Work: one summons up an alliance of power to tame recalcitrant elements within the psyche. If this is the only changing line, the hexagram becomes #39, Obstruction (Impasse) the corresponding line of which portrays the arrival of “friends” (allies), thus reinforcing the concept of obtaining some kind of assistance in the matter at hand.
Only a unified personality can experience life, not that personality which is split up into partial aspects, that bundle of odds and ends which also calls itself "man." Jung --Psychology and Alchemy
A. Do what needs to be done without making a big deal out of it.
B. Image of a proper alliance of forces able to correct the situation without exceeding the mean. A temperate attitude is not inconsistent with the maintenance of strict discipline.
C. “The force of arms” = self-discipline. Pull yourself together to harmonize recalcitrant forces within the psyche.
Autres titres : Prépondérance du Grand, Le Symbole du Grand Passage, Excès, Grand Excès, Le Passage de la Grandeur, Grand Dépassement, Grands Gains, Expérience, Plus Grand que Grand, Grandeur en Excès, Domination par le Puissant, Le Passage de la Grandeur, Excès du Grand, Loi du Karma
Jugement
Legge :La Masse Critique dépeint une poutre faible. Dans de telles conditions, il est avantageux de se déplacer dans n'importe quelle direction. Le succès est indiqué.
Wilhelm/Baynes :Prépondérance du Grand. La poutre faîtière s'affaisse jusqu'au point de rupture. Il est bénéfique d'avoir un endroit où aller. Succès.
Blofeld :Excès ! La poutre faîtière s'affaisse. Il est favorable d'avoir un but (ou une destination) en vue. Succès ! [Un coup d'œil à l'hexagramme montrera qu'il est trop lourd au milieu et trop faible aux extrémités. Un certain nombre de lignes fermes est généralement de bon augure, mais il peut y avoir trop de bonnes choses !]
Liu : Grand Excès. La poutre faîtière est tordue. Il est bénéfique d'aller n'importe où. Succès.
Ritsema/Karcher :Grand Dépassement, la poutre faîtière s'affaisse. Récolter ; posséder une direction. Croissance. [Cet hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de votre connexion à un principe directeur. Il souligne que pousser l'idée directrice au-delà des limites ordinaires et accepter les résultats est la manière adéquate de la gérer...]
Shaughnessy : Grand Surpassement : La poutre faîtière se courbe vers le haut ; bénéfique d'avoir un endroit où aller ; réception.
Cleary (1) : Quand le grand est excessif, la poutre faîtière se plie. Il est bon d'aller quelque part ; cela est développemental. [Quand la poutre faîtière casse, toute la maison s'effondre. De la même manière, les pratiquants du Tao qui promeuvent trop le yang, qui ne savent pas quand il y en a assez, qui peuvent être grands mais ne peuvent être petits, subissent des dommages à leur maison spirituelle.]
Cleary (2) : Quand la grandeur passe, la poutre faîtière se plie. Il est bénéfique d'avoir un endroit où aller, car vous réussirez.
Wu :Excès du Grand indique une poutre qui se déforme. Il sera avantageux d'avoir des entreprises. Cela sera pervasif.
L'Image
Legge : L'image des arbres sous une marée forme La Masse Critique. L'homme supérieur, en accord avec cela, se tient seul sans crainte, et reste retiré du monde sans regret.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Le lac s'élève au-dessus des arbres : l'image de la Prépondérance du Grand. Ainsi l'homme supérieur, quand il se tient seul, est indifférent, et s'il doit renoncer au monde, il est intrépide.
Blofeld : Cet hexagramme symbolise une forêt submergée dans une grande masse d'eau. L'Homme Supérieur, bien que seul, est libre de toute peur ; il ne ressent aucun mécontentement à se retirer du monde. [Ceci est suggéré par les trigrammes composants. L'eau est nécessaire pour nourrir les arbres, mais trop d'eau peut causer de sérieux dommages.]
Liu : Le lac s'élevant au-dessus des arbres symbolise le Grand Excès. L'homme supérieur, lorsqu'il est isolé, est imperturbable. S'il doit se retirer de la société, il ne ressent aucun regret.
Ritsema/Karcher : Marais submergeant le bois. Grand Dépassement. Un chun tzu utilise l'établissement solitaire pour ne pas craindre. (Un chun tzu utilise) le retrait de l'âge sans mélancolie.
Cleary (1) : L'humidité détruit le bois en excès. Ainsi les personnes supérieures se tiennent seules sans peur, et quittent la société sans détresse.
Cleary (2) : L'humidité détruit le bois. Les personnes développées, etc. [Seulement lorsqu'elles sont soutenues par le pouvoir de se tenir seules sans peur et d'éviter la société sans détresse, l'apprentissage peut être fermement enraciné et le développement avoir une base appropriée ; alors il est possible de raffiner et de soutenir le médiocre.]
Wu : Le marais recouvre le bois ; C'est l'Excès du Grand. Ainsi le jun zi se tient seul sans peur et se retire du monde sans mélancolie.
COMMENTAIRE CONFUCIANISTE
Confucius/Legge : L'excès est faiblement soutenu à chaque extrémité, avec une faiblesse dans les lignes les plus basses et les plus hautes. Les lignes dynamiques sont en excès, mais deux d'entre elles sont dans les positions centrales. Les trigrammes de Flexibilité et de Satisfaction indiquent qu'il y aura un avantage à se déplacer dans n'importe quelle direction -- il y aura du succès. Grand en effet est le travail à accomplir pendant cette période extraordinaire.
Legge : Les temps extraordinaires nécessitent une compétence extraordinaire dans leur gestion. La figure montre deux lignes magnétiques en haut et en bas, avec quatre lignes dynamiques entre elles -- donnant l'image d'une grande poutre incapable de soutenir son propre poids. Les lignes deux et cinq sont à la fois dynamiques et centrales cependant, et de cela et des attributs des trigrammes composants, un bon présage est obtenu.
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : Une situation stressante est mieux gérée avec une stratégie globale. (Ou : dans le jeu d'échecs de la vie, on réussit en planifiant plusieurs coups à l'avance.)
L'Homme Supérieur sert Le Travail en suivant sa propre voie, indépendamment de l'opinion publique.
Wilhelm intitule cet hexagramme Prépondérance du Grand. Je préfère la paraphrase de R.L. Wing de Masse Critique comme plus évocatrice du sens de la figure en terminologie moderne.
Dans Masse Critique quatre lignes dynamiques se cachent à l'intérieur de l'hexagramme, faiblement contenues en haut et en bas par deux lignes magnétiques. Cette concentration énergétique pourrait exploser dans une libération imprévisible de force, et donc le Jugement nous dit de bouger maintenant (rappelez-vous : l'inaction est aussi une action) pour éviter des conséquences indésirables. (Souvent, le résultat est prévisible – soyez prêt à simplement partir si et quand c'est votre meilleur coup.)
La traduction de Legge du Jugement est :
"...Il est avantageux de se déplacer dans n'importe quelle direction."
C'est un message différent de celui de Wilhelm :
"...Il est bénéfique d'avoir un endroit où aller."
La version de Legge implique une fuite presque hystérique du danger tandis que la version de Wilhelm suggère une intention et une planification préalables. La dernière interprétation est définitivement ce qui est signifié ici, comme confirmé par le commentaire bouddhiste de Cleary :
Lorsque le chemin transformateur est florissant, les contaminations surgissent facilement ; il est préférable de mettre en place des lignes directrices et des règlements. Lorsque le travail de méditation est avancé, l'ignorance est sur le point de se dissoudre ; il est préférable d'exercer l'esprit habilement.
Couplé avec la traduction de Cleary de l'Image comme : “Les personnes développées se tiennent seules sans peur, évitent la société sans détresse,” l'idée est que l'on devrait suivre sa meilleure intuition et ignorer les illusions populaires, la correction politique ou les peurs intérieures. (Psychologiquement : pensée conventionnelle, réflexes socialement conditionnés, réponses automatiques, etc.). Pendant une période de Masse Critique, prêtez une attention particulière à la direction du Soi pour préserver le Travail. Ce n'est pas le moment de suivre la foule. Parfois, cela peut signifier que vous êtes obligé de le faire seul – l'un des tests fréquents du Travail (Cf. ligne 6) :
Le Gouffre est quelque chose qui doit être franchi, et franchi seul, dépouillé de tous les fardeaux gênants, dans la foi ... C'est donc l'un des points de crise du progrès spirituel en raison de la grande tentation de revenir de l'inconnu à la sécurité apparente des choses connues, et succomber à cette tentation, c'est perdre tous les fruits des efforts passés. G. Knight -- Un Guide Pratique du Symbolisme Kabbalistique
SUGGESTIONS POUR LA MÉDITATION
Comparez le Jugement et l'Image de cet hexagramme avec ceux de l'hexagramme numéro 32, Consistance.
Anthony : Nous devons retrouver la modestie par l'effort de nous débarrasser des éléments forts qui nous poussent à avancer. Les éléments forts peuvent exister chez quelqu'un d'autre, les amenant à nous assaillir avec leur peur, leur méfiance ou leur doute. Fort se réfère à un mouvement impétueux pour résoudre ce qui est ambigu … Nous pouvons relever le défi en restant détachés et en laissant les choses suivre leurs changements … Être vraiment riche, c'est rester modeste ; être vraiment puissant, c'est rester réservé.