Équilibrez votre humilité avec le feu de la clarté, car lorsque votre lumière intérieure est stable, vous illuminez le chemin pour vous-même et les autres.
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Modestie15
Adoptez l'humilité et l'équilibre ; laissez la modestie guider vos actions pour un progrès harmonieux.
↓ Line 1
La véritable modestie n'est pas autoconsciente. Elle permet d'entreprendre de grandes tâches avec confiance et succès.
↓ Line 4
La modestie dans l'action est toujours bénéfique et conduit au progrès.
↓ Line 6
Lorsque la modestie est évidente, il est approprié de prendre des mesures décisives pour corriger les problèmes internes et améliorer la communauté.
↓ Clarté30
Clarté et adaptabilité. Embrassez la lumière pour illuminer votre chemin. Reconnaissez les motifs de la vie, alignez-vous avec eux et favorisez la croissance personnelle.
Other titles: Modesty, The Symbol of Humility, Moderation, Humbling, Respectful/Humble, Yielding/Retiring. 1. Obtaining this hexagram implies that modesty is needed in our attitude, meaning, to allow ourself to be led without resistance. – C.K. Anthony. 2. A Humble or modest person is thought of as having an “empty or unoccupied” mind, meaning a mind without prejudice. – Chung Wu. 3. Only superior people who practice Tao know where to stop, disregard what they have and appear to have nothing. – T. Cleary.
Judgment
Legge:Temperance indicates successful progress. Temperancebrings a good issue to the superior man's undertakings.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty creates success. The superior man carries things through.
Blofeld:Modesty brings success. The Superior Man is able to carry affairs through to completion.
Liu: Modesty: success. The superior man can continue to work to the end.
Ritsema/Karcher: Humbling, Growing. A chun tzu possesses completing. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of the necessity to cut through pride and complication. It emphasizes that keeping your words unpretentious is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Modesty: Receipt; the gentleman has an end.
Cleary (1):Humility is developmental. The superior person has a conclusion.
Cleary (2):Humility gets through. A leader has a conclusion.
Wu:Humility is pervasive. The jun zi will have grace in death.
The Image
Legge: A mountain hidden within the earth -- the image of Temperance. The superior man, in accordance with this, diminishes his excesses to augment his insufficiencies, thus creating a just balance.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Within the earth, a mountain: the image of Modesty. Thus the superior man reduces that which is too much, and augments that which is too little. He weighs things and makes them equal.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes a mountain in the centre of the earth. The Superior Man takes from where there is too much in order to augment what is too little. He weighs things and apportions them fairly. [The component trigrams symbolize a mountain surrounded by flat earth, thus suggesting too much in one place and too little in others.]
Liu: The mountain within the earth symbolizes modesty. The superior man reduces the excess and increases the lacking; he weighs and then equalizes all things.
Ritsema/Karcher: Earth center possessing mountain. Humbling. A chun tzu uses reducing the numerous to augment the few. A chun tzu uses evaluating beings to even spreading-out.
Cleary (1): There are mountains in the earth; modesty. Thus does the superior person decrease the abundant and add to the scarce, assessing things and dealing impartially.
Cleary (2): … Leaders assess people and give impartially, by taking from the abundant and adding to the scarce.
Wu: There is a mountain inside earth; this is Humility. Thus the jun zi takes excess from the more to enrich the less and measures goods to ensure fair distribution. [To prepare oneself to accept what is fair among all his fellow men is the essence of humility.]
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: It is the way of heaven to dispense its blessings downwards, and the way of earth to radiate its influence upwards. Both heaven and earth diminish the full to augment the lowly. Spiritual beings inflict calamity on the proud and bless the meek, and men resent ostentation and love temperance. Temperanceenlightens an honorable office, and neither will men ignore it in lowly positions. Thus does the superior man attain his ends. [Emphasis editor's -- Ritsema/Karcher translate "spiritual beings" [Kuei Shen] as: "The whole range of imaginal beings both inside and outside the individual; spiritual powers, gods, demons, ghosts, powers, fetishes.”]
Legge: An essay on temperance rightly follows that on abundant possessions. The third line, dynamic among five magnetic lines, in the topmost place of the trigram of Keeping Still, is the ruler of the hexagram. He is the representative of Temperance -- strong, but self-effacing. The idea is that temperance is the way to permanent success.
The Confucian commentary deals generally with the subject of temperance, showing how it is valued by heaven and earth, by spirits and by men. The descent of the heavenly influences, and the low position of the earth are both symbolic of temperance. The heavenly influences are seen in the daily fluctuations of the sun and moon, and the fertility of the earth correspondingly waxes and wanes with the seasons.
The Daily Lecture says:"The five yin lines above and below symbolize the earth; the one yang line in the center is the mountain in the midst of the earth. The many yin lines represent men's desires; the one yang line represents the heavenly principle. The superior man, looking at this symbolism, diminishes the multitude of human desires within him, and increases the single shoot of the heavenly principle; so does he become grandly just, and can deal with all things evenly according to the nature of each. In whatever circumstances or place he is, he will do what is right.”
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Temperance means maintaining a dynamic/magnetic balance of forces to attain success.
The Superior Man maintains equilibrium in all that he does.
The most common translation of the title for this hexagram is Modesty, but I have chosen Temperance as a title more expressive of the ideas in the Image and Confucian commentary. The words “modesty” and “humility” often carry a connotation of weakness in western usage, and “temperance,” meaning to temper or regulate, is more expressive of the dynamic strength of will required to restrain and modulate the drive to dominate every situation.
The Image shows a mountain hidden beneath the earth--the quiet, invincible power of sheer will is hidden from view, yet it influences everything. Who observing such a level surface would know that the bulk of Mt. Everest was buried beneath it? Temperance means that one's power is hidden, that the fluctuations of heaven and earth are kept in such dynamic/magnetic balance as to be invisible to ordinary vision. The temperate person is strong enough to bear the weight of the world when that is necessary for the Work.
Marcus Aurelius, the Stoic Roman Emperor, was arguably the most powerful man of his time, yet his temperance and modesty showed him to fulfill the ideal of the superior man. Only the truly strong can be truly modest.
And let this truth be present to thee in the excitement of anger, that to be moved by passion is not manly, but that mildness and gentleness, as they are more agreeable to human nature, so also are they more manly; and he who possesses these qualities possesses strength, nerves and courage, and not the man who is subject to fits of passion and discontent. For in the same degree in which a man's mind is nearer to freedom from all passion, in the same degree also is it nearer to strength. Marcus Aurelius
Line 1
Legge: The first line, magnetic, shows us the superior man who adds temperance to his temperance. Even the great stream may be crossed with this, and there will be good fortune.
Wilhelm/Baynes: A superior man modest about his modesty may cross the great water. Good fortune.
Blofeld: The Superior Man, ever modest and retiring, fords the great river -- good fortune! [Any journey undertaken at this time will bring good fortune.]
Liu: The superior man is modest in his modesty. It is favorable to cross the great water. Good fortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: Humbling, Humbling: chun tzu. Availing-of wading the Great River. Significant.
Shaughnessy: So modest is the gentleman; herewith ford the great river; auspicious.
Cleary (1): Humble about humility, the superior person thereby crosses great rivers. This is auspicious.
Cleary (2): Extreme humility. It is fortunate if leaders use this to cross great rivers.
Wu: Being humble about his humility, the jun zi can make use of this virtue to cross the big river. It will be auspicious.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The superior man who adds temperance to his temperance is one who nourishes his virtue in lowliness. Wilhelm/Baynes: The superior man is lowly in order to guard himself well. Blofeld: He shows humility in disciplining himself. Ritsema/Karcher: Lowliness uses originating-from herding indeed. Cleary (2): In extreme humility, leaders manage themselves with lowliness. Wu: The jun zi uses humility for self-discipline.
Legge: A magnetic line at the lowest place in the figure is the fitting symbol of the superior man adding temperance to his temperance. The phrase "nourishes his virtue” in the Confucian commentary is literally: "pastures himself.” He is all temperance -- that is what makes him who he is.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: At the outset, the man retains his humility and does not press any claims. As a result he is free from challenges and does not encounter resistance. Difficult enterprises can be undertaken successfully.
Wing: If you can carry out your proposed endeavor quietly, competently, and thoroughly, without obvious announcements of your intentions, you can achieve even significant aims. With a modest and disciplined attitude, you do not create resistance or invite challenge.
Editor: Wilhelm translates the Confucian commentary in terms of lowliness as a technique of self-protection. Blofeld renders it as showing humility in one's self-discipline. Ritsema/Karcher render the verb MU, Herd, as: “tend cattle; watch over, superintend; ruler, teacher;” which recalls Legge's rendering of: "pastures himself.” The idea is to use the discipline of will to keep oneself under control. The line is conceptually a kind of "shadow” to line one of the following hexagram of Enthusiasm, which see. Sometimes it can have the meaning of "reserve” or "reservations,” as in "taking something with a grain of salt.”
The signs of one who is making progress are these: he censures no man, he praises no man, he blames no man, he accuses no man, he says nothing about himself as if he were somebody or knew something: when he is impeded at all or hindered, he blames himself ... he removes all desire from himself, and transfers aversion only to those things within his power which are contrary to nature: he employs a moderate movement towards every thing: whether he is considered foolish or ignorant, he cares not: and in a word he watches himself as if he were an enemy and lying in ambush. Epictetus
A. If you can maintain perspective, an advance is warranted.
B. A double portion of temperance: preserve your reserve, or your reservations about the matter at hand.
C. The ego undertakes responsibility for the Work with the full awareness that it is only the instrument of a higher intelligence within the psyche. This requires a servant's sense of reserve.
Line 4
Legge: The fourth line, magnetic, shows one whose action would be in every way advantageous, stirring up the more her temperance.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Nothing that would not further modesty in movement.
Blofeld: Everything will be propitious for those who cultivate modesty.
Liu: To act with modesty is beneficial toward everything.
Ritsema/Karcher: Without not Harvesting, demonstrating Humbling.
Shaughnessy: There is nothing not beneficial. False modesty.
Cleary (1): Beneficial to all, extending humility.
Cleary (2): Beneficial to all, the exercise of humility.
Wu: Promoting humility is nothing but advantageous.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: In doing this she does not act contrary to the proper rule. Wilhelm/Baynes: He does not overstep the rule. Blofeld: This involves no departure from what is right. Ritsema/Karcher: Not contradicting by-consequence indeed. Cleary (2): This is the way it is supposed to be. Wu: Because it violates no principle.
Legge: Line four is magnetic and in her proper place. She is sure to be successful and prosperous, but being so near the fifth-line ruler she should still use the greatest precaution. The "proper rule” is the rule proper for her in her circumstances so near the place of the ruler.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man maintains his modesty in the proper perspective. He does not avoid his responsibilities, abuse the ruler's confidence, or conceal the subordinate's merit.
Wing: Once the balance of true Moderation is reached, it must be continually maintained. This does not mean simply maintaining the form of Moderation, but continuing to cultivate equilibrium in your character and a sense of responsibility toward your society.
Editor: An unambiguous image of temperate action.
Modesty and humility are not signs of an inferiority complex. They are highly estimable, indeed admirable virtues and not complexes. They prove that their fortunate possessor is not a presumptuous fool but knows his limitations, and will therefore never stumble beyond the bounds of humanity, dazzled and intoxicated by his imagined greatness. Jung -- Depth Psychology and Self-Knowledge
A. Advance the Work through temperate, well-considered action, without exceeding your authority.
Line 6
Legge: The sixth line, magnetic, shows us temperance that has made itself recognized. The subject of it will with advantage put her army in motion, but she will only punish her own towns and state.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty that comes to expression. It is favorable to set armies marching to chastise one's own city and one's country.
Blofeld: Modestly crows the cock. Now is the time to set armies marching to subdue the cities and the countries of the empire.
Liu: Modesty is expressed. It is favorable to use the army to chastise the city and country.
Ritsema/Karcher: Calling Humbling. Harvesting: availing-of moving legions. Chastising the capital city.
Shaughnessy: Calling modesty; beneficial herewith to move troops to campaign against city and state.
Cleary (1): Trumpeting humility, it is profitable to use the army to conquer one’s land.
Cleary (2): Expressing humility, one profits from military operations attacking the country.
Wu: The subject rolls about humility. It will be advantageous to use the armies to chasten the seditious state.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: All her aims have not yet been attained. She may employ the force of arms only to correct her own towns and state. Wilhelm/ Baynes: The purpose is not yet attained. Blofeld: Because the ruler's will has yet to be carried out, it is proper to do so. [This omen can be taken to indicate that we can afford to go forward boldly with our plans, but only if their fruition will tally with the general good. "The ruler's will” in this case is roughly synonymous with the public good.] Ritsema/Karcher: Purpose not-yet acquired indeed. Permitting availing-of moving legions. Chastising the capital city indeed. Cleary (2): The aspiration has not been attained. Wu: His aspirations have not been fulfilled … The purpose is to chasten the seditious state.
Legge: The subject of the magnetic sixth line is outside a game that has been played out. She will use force, but only within her own sphere and to assert what is right. She will not be aggressive. Chu Hsi bases all that is said under line six on its being a magnetic line, so that the temperate ruler is unable even at the close of the action to accomplish all her objects, and must limit her field even in appealing to arms.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Even though the man's probity is recognized, his aims are not yet achieved. True modesty begins by disciplining one's own ego and the character of one's immediate circle, without being aggressive beyond.
Wing: Your inner development is not yet complete. The time calls for self-discipline. When difficulties arise, do not place the blame upon others. Once you begin to take responsibility for your own destiny you can bring order to your environment.
Editor: The ruler uses force to attain order in both this and the previous line, but here her influence is confined to immediate objectives. Temperance in this instance is expressed in her awareness of a lack of wholeness in the matter at hand, and of her own limitations in being able to effect completion. Psychologically, to "punish your own towns and state:” is to confine your action to the proper discipline of inner responses: emotions, drives, temptations, etc.
Better an equable man than a hero, a man master of himself than one who takes a city. Proverbs 16: 32
A. Recognize the limitations inherent in the situation and confine your action to objectives within your own sphere of control.
B. A modest, although incomplete, achievement. Confine your activity to controlling personal responses.
C. Don't get carried away with a modest achievement.
Autres titres : L'Attachement, Le Symbole de la Clarté et de la Séparation, Beauté Flamboyante, Radiance, Feu, Le Réseau, Allégeance, La Moyenne Cosmique, Synergie, Lumière du Soleil, Perception, Concernant la Compréhension, La Lumière, Conscience, Lucidité
Jugement
Legge : Le cours libre et le succès de Clarté viennent de la fermeté correcte. La nourriture de la docilité bovine crée la bonne fortune.
Wilhelm/Baynes : L'Attachement. La persévérance favorise. Cela apporte le succès. Prendre soin de la vache apporte la bonne fortune.
Blofeld :Beauté flamboyante. La persistance juste apporte la récompense. Succès ! Élever des vaches -- bonne fortune ! [Les vaches sont des créatures douces qui nécessitent des soins ; cette phrase signifie donc que la bonne fortune peut être obtenue en prenant soin de ceux qui ont besoin d'aide.]
Liu : Feu. Il est bénéfique de continuer. Succès. Prendre soin de la vache mène à la bonne fortune.
Ritsema/Karcher : Radiance, Récolter l'épreuve. Croissance. Accumuler du bétail féminin. Significatif. [Cet hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de lumière, de chaleur et de conscience en expansion. Il souligne que s'unir et dépendre de ce qui répand cette lumière, l'action de Radiance, est la manière adéquate de la gérer...]
Shaughnessy :Le Réseau : Bénéfique de déterminer ; réception ; élever une vache est de bon augure.
Cleary(1) :Feu est bénéfique pour la correction et le développement. Élever une vache apporte la bonne fortune.
Cleary (2) : Feu est bénéfique si correct ; alors il y a succès, etc. [En bouddhisme, lorsque les démons causent des perturbations, il est nécessaire de s'attacher à l'enseignement vrai pour se débarrasser des aberrations.]
Wu : Allégeance indique qu'il sera avantageux d'être persévérant et la pénétration suivra. Il sera de bon augure d'élever la vache.
L'Image
Legge : L'image de la clarté répétée forme Clarté. Le grand homme, en accord avec cela, cultive de plus en plus sa brillante vertu, et diffuse sa clarté sur les quatre coins du pays.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Ce qui est brillant se lève deux fois : l'image de Feu. Ainsi le grand homme, en perpétuant cette clarté, illumine les quatre coins du monde.
Blofeld : Cet hexagramme symbolise le feu s'élevant en deux langues de flamme brillante. L'Homme Supérieur, en perpétuant la brillance des anciens, illumine chaque coin de la terre. [En d'autres termes, nous devrions nous rendre aussi complètement dépendants du principe de la droiture que les objets naturels le sont de la nature ; de cette manière, nous sommes sûrs de réussir.]
Liu : La clarté doublée symbolise Feu. Un grand homme perpétue la lumière et illumine les quatre coins de l'univers.
Ritsema/Karcher : Clarté doublée suscitant Radiance. Les Grandes Personnes utilisent l'éclaircissement consécutif pour illuminer tendant vers les quatre côtés.
Cleary (1) :Lumière a une double fonction. Ainsi les grandes personnes illuminent les quatre coins avec une lumière continue. [Le soleil entre la nuit et sort le jour ; ce schéma représente l'illumination intérieure et l'illumination extérieure, une lumière ayant une double fonction… L'illumination extérieure doit être basée sur l'illumination intérieure… L'illumination doit atteindre l'intérieur et l'extérieur, de sorte que les deux soient illuminés et corrects.]
Cleary (2) : L'illumination doublée fait feu. Les grandes personnes illuminent les quatre coins avec une illumination continue.
Wu : Clarté doublée fait Allégeance. Ainsi le grand homme poursuit la clarté pour éclairer les quatre coins de la terre.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge :Clarté signifie attachement. Le soleil et la lune ont leurs racines dans le ciel, et toutes les choses qui poussent ont leurs racines dans la terre. La double clarté des deux trigrammes est enracinée dans la correction, et tout sous le ciel est ainsi transformé. La ligne magnétique seconde est centrale et correcte, indiquant un cours libre et réussi. Nourrir une docilité passive mènera à la bonne fortune.
Legge :Clarté est le trigramme du feu et de la lumière, et le soleil est la source de ces deux éléments. Son attribut est la clarté, et par une métaphore naturelle : l'intelligence. Mais ce trigramme signifie aussi inhérent ou adhérant à -- être attaché à. Dans l'hexagramme, nous avons une double clarté -- une phrase qui désigne le dirigeant. Si nous prenons les deux lignes centrales comme emblématiques de la situation, nous avons le magnétique habitant avec le dynamique au-dessus et en dessous -- une condition nécessitant une humilité docile et une stricte adhésion à ce qui est correct. Ch'eng-tzu dit : "La nature du bœuf est docile, et celle de la vache l'est encore plus. Le sujet de l'hexagramme adhérant étroitement à ce qui est correct doit être capable d'agir en obéissance à cela, aussi docile qu'une vache, et alors il y aura bonne fortune."
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : La persistance volontaire obtient des résultats. Soyez réceptif à votre lumière intérieure et reflétez-la dans votre vie.
L'Homme Supérieur cultive sa capacité à manifester sa compréhension de l'Œuvre dans ses choix quotidiens.
La lumière est un symbole à la fois de la conscience normale et de la super-conscience. Probablement chaque religion dans le monde l'utilise dans ce dernier sens -- du "Que la lumière soit" dans le premier chapitre de Genèse, au Seigneur de la Lumière (Ahura Mazda), l'être suprême du zoroastrisme. Le Livre des Morts Tibétain parle de la "lumière blanche claire" qui est la première chose rencontrée après la mort corporelle -- un phénomène rapporté comme la perception expérientielle de ceux qui ont eu des expériences de mort imminente. La lumière signifie Vérité, elle signifie Réalité, et la "double clarté" de cet hexagramme nous dit que Clarté est manifestée à la fois en haut et en bas.
La méditation sur la lumière est l'un des exercices les plus importants dans les diverses écoles de yoga tibétain. Plus ces pouvoirs psychiques et spirituels peuvent être atteints pendant la vie, plus la capacité de pénétrer et de surmonter le bardo est forte. D. I. Lauf, Doctrines Secrètes du Livre des Morts Tibétain
Le commentaire confucéen donne les exemples du soleil et de la lune dans les cieux, et des choses qui poussent sur la terre comme emblèmes de Clarté. Le soleil et la lune sont certainement lumineux, mais les choses qui poussent ne le sont pas, et lorsque nous méditons sur la raison de cette étrange juxtaposition, nous sommes conduits à l'idée du Soi et de l'ego. Le Soi est le soleil, la source de l'illumination qui fait croître l'ego. Le soleil est aux choses qui poussent ce que le Soi est à l'ego. Cette idée est répétée dans la relation entre le soleil et la lune -- la lune n'est pas auto-lumineuse, elle ne peut que refléter la lumière du soleil. Par conséquent, le soleil est à la lune ce que le Soi est à l'ego.
L'idée est que malgré nos illusions contraires, tout notre pouvoir provient d'ailleurs. Lorsque nous permettons au pouvoir de travailler à travers nous sans interférence, nous devenons "dociles" comme la vache dans le jugement. Clarté, par conséquent, est atteinte par la docilité -- la capacité de soumettre et de restreindre les composants autonomes de la psyché, qui laissés à eux-mêmes préféreraient aller pontifiant leurs brillantes illusions plutôt que de refléter tranquillement la vérité. Il n'est pas facile de refléter la vérité, et l'homme supérieur est conseillé de perfectionner constamment sa capacité à le faire. Ce n'est que lorsque le Soi et l'ego se rejoignent dans une réaction de fusion que l'énergie libérée atteint la véritable "double clarté" imaginée dans l'hexagramme. L'idée identique se trouve dans la Kabbale :
Dit le Rabbi Simeon : "Quand le Saint s'habille, c'est dans les ornements à la fois des mondes célestes et terrestres ; du premier avec cette lumière céleste en haut qu'aucun être humain ne peut approcher ; du second avec les âmes des justes qui plus elles s'approchent de cette lumière divine, plus elles deviennent réceptives et remplies de celle-ci, de sorte qu'à travers elles, elle s'étend dans toutes les directions et le monde comme une citerne ou un océan en est rempli." Le Zohar
Wilhelm mentionne que l'hexagramme "divisé à l'intérieur et fermé à l'extérieur, est une image des mailles d'un filet dans lequel les animaux restent piégés." Cela nous donne l'image de Clarté comme Compréhension -- un filet qui capture et enferme les idées. Recevoir la figure sans lignes changeantes est souvent une confirmation d'une idée ou d'une action -- cela dit : "Vous avez compris," ou "Votre action proposée est lucide, intelligente, etc."