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From
18
Réparation
To
41
Diminuer
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Réparation18
Aborder les problèmes ; réparer ce qui a été négligé. Assumer la responsabilité de restaurer et d'améliorer.
↓ Line 1
Corriger les erreurs du passé peut être difficile, mais la persévérance mène au succès.
↓ Line 3
Assumer la responsabilité des erreurs passées entraîne de petits regrets mais évite de grandes fautes.
↓ Diminuer41
Simplifiez et réduisez. Adoptez le minimalisme pour gagner en clarté et vous concentrer sur ce qui compte vraiment. Lâcher prise peut apporter une abondance inattendue.
Other titles: Work On What Has Been Spoiled, The Symbol of Destruction, Decay, Arresting of Decay, Work after Spoiling, Fixing, Rectifying, Corrupting, Branch, Degeneration, Misdeeds "Can refer to heredity and psychological traits.” -- D. F. Hook
Judgment
Legge: Successful progress is indicated for those who properly repair what has been spoiled. It is advantageous to cross the great stream. One should consider carefully the events three days before the turning point and the tasks remaining for three days afterward.
Wilhelm/Baynes:Work On What Has Been Spoiled has supreme success. It furthers one to cross the great water. Before the starting point, three days. After the starting point, three days.
Blofeld:Decay augurs sublime success and the advantage of crossing the great river (or sea). [I.e. of going on a journey or of going forward with one's plans.] What has happened once will surely happen again (literally, "three days before the commencement; three days after the commencement"). [It would have been hard to make sense of these words, were it not that the Confucian Commentary on the Text clearly explains them; hence the liberty I have taken with the Text.]
Liu: Work after spoiling. Great success. It is of benefit to cross the great water. Before starting, three days. After starting, three days. [This hexagram implies that, although conditions are bad now, improvement can be expected.]
Ritsema/Karcher: Corrupting, Spring Growing. Harvesting: wading the Great River. Before seedburst three days, after seedburst three days. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of disorder, perversion and putrefaction. It emphasizes that letting things rot away so they become obsolete is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Branch: Prime auspiciousness; receipt. Beneficial to ford the great river; preceding jia by three days, following jia by three days.
Cleary (1): Correcting degeneration is greatly developmental. It is beneficial to cross great rivers. Three days before the start, three days after the start. [The way to correct degeneracy is not in empty tranquility without action; it is necessary to work in the midst of great danger and difficulty, to act in the dragon’s pool and the tiger’s lair. Only then can one restore one’s original being, cultivating it into something indestructible.]
Cleary (2): From degeneration comes great development, etc.
Wu: Misdeeds is great and pervasive. It will be advantageous to cross the big river. It would be advisable to begin an undertaking three days before Jia and examine the ongoing progress three days thereafter.
The Image
Legge: The image of wind below the mountain forms Repair. The superior man, in accordance with this, stimulates the virtue of the people.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The wind blows low on the mountain: the image of Decay. Thus the superior man stirs up the people and strengthens their spirit.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes wind blowing at the foot of a mountain. The Superior Man, by stimulating people's hearts, nourishes their virtue.
Liu: Wind blowing around the foot of the mountain symbolizes Work after Spoiling. The superior man encourages people to cultivate virtue.
Ritsema/Karcher: Below mountain possessing wind. Corrupting. A chun tzu uses rousing the commoners to nurture actualizing-tao. [Actualize-tao: ...ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos... Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]
Cleary (1): There is wind in the mountains; degeneration. Thus superior people rouse the people and nurture virtue.
Cleary (2): … Leaders thus arouse the people to nurture virtue.
Wu: There is wind at the foot of the mountain; this is Misdeeds. Thus the jun zi arouses the people and nurtures his own virtue.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The dynamic trigram is above, and the magnetic trigram is below. Pliancy is below, and Stopping above: these suggest troubled conditions verging on ruin. But Repair brings order to all under heaven, and he who advances will encounter the business to be done. The end of confusion is the beginning of order; such is the procedure of heaven.
Legge: Repair means the performance of painful but necessary duties. It shows a situation in which things are going to ruin, as if through poison or venomous worms. In order to justify the auspice of progress and success, the duty of the figure is to rectify this and restore conditions to health. This will require a major effort, such as crossing the great stream, and the careful differentiation of the causes of the problem, as well as the measures taken to fix it. The attribute of the lower trigram is Pliancy, and the upper represents Stoppage or Arrest. Hence, the feeble pliancy of decadence is stopped cold by the immovable mountain. The three days before and after the turning point symbolize the careful attention and differentiation necessary for any rectification to succeed.
On the Image, Ch'eng-tzu says: "When the wind encounters the mountain, it is driven back, and the things about are all scattered in disorder; such is the emblem of the state denoted by Repair." The nourishing of virtue appears especially in line six -- all the other lines belong to the helping of the people.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Repair means to set your house in order. Analyze your choices before the renovation and evaluate their consequences afterward.
The Superior Man orders his thoughts and feelings, reforms old attitudes, and strengthens his will. (Psychologically, to "stimulate the virtue of the people" (Legge) is to rectify the components of a complex.)
To imagine any truly objective state of perception we must include all that exists: the entire cosmos. Each differentiation of this, from atom to galaxy, is one slice out of an infinite whole. As a portion of the entirety, we are always linked with our ancestors in an infinite web of relationships which includes our family history, our racial-cultural-historical heritage and Homo sapiens as a species. Though seldom aware of them, it is useful to remember these links. Emanating from an unfathomable complexity, their karmically-charged morphogenetic fields are constantly shaping our lives. It follows that, although we perceive ourselves as separate from our ancestors, the separation is a subjective experience which is true only in a temporally limited sense.
Every line of Repair, except two and six, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. This reminds us of the biblical curse:
For I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me. Exodus 20: 5
The father archetype has a wide range of meanings: this extends from the Primal Spirit ("God the Father"), to a prior cause or intent in the psyche which has engendered a present condition. Psychologically interpreted, it is this latter reading which usually applies. If a "father" symbolizes the cause, then a "son" is the effect. If the effect is imperfect, then to rectify it is also to rectify the original intent.
To a large extent our lives consist of well-intentioned but misguided choices which create less than perfect consequences. To modify our attitude or behavior so that it corrects errors in our original intent is to "deal with the troubles caused by the father."
For example: In a misconceived expression of affection, a parent allows his child unrestricted access to candy. As a consequence of this choice, the kid's teeth become rotten, and the only logical way to correct the original error is to now curtail his intake of sugar. The fact that this new choice will create stress in the relationship between parent and child is just a consequence of the original choice and has no bearing at all on what is correct in the situation.
In some situations this hexagram may be interpreted as a response to a karmic chain of cause and effect:
To harmonize with the Wisdom Teachings, the scripture should read that the karma of the "father" is visited upon the "child" unto the fourth incarnation, not generation. The mistakes you made in the last four incarnations may be visited upon you in the form of karma flowing out of the heart seed atom in the present incarnation. Thus what you "fathered," or created, in your last incarnation may be the source ("parent") of your karma today. You are a child of that parent today. You have inherited from that parent -- the you of the past, not your physical parents -- all of your characteristics, weaknesses and strengths. Earlyne Chaney -- The Mystery of Death and Dying
The interpretation of any oracle response can only be as profound as our minds are prepared to accept. As moderns we find it difficult to empathize with "ancestor worship," yet properly understood, it can provide useful insights into the Work. In the unconscious realm all time is immediate, not sequential, and the Objective Psyche consists of a non- temporal web of forces shading from personal to universal. This means that if we have a complex engendered in us by our father, for example, we can reasonably assume that he was passing on what he received from his own parents. In this way, the unresolved complexes of the ancestors shape our own personalities: they live in and through us right now, even if they had their birth in forefathers long forgotten. This is a kind of near-immortality: individuals may die, but beliefs, attitudes, complexes live as long as they have receptive vessels to inhabit. (This is probably the engine of karma.) To the extent that an ancestral chain of causality still motivates our choices, we are totally responsible for "setting right what has been spoiled by the father."
SUGGESTIONS FOR MEDITATION
Most people have some level of unfinished business with their parents: psychologists would have little to do if this weren't true. It can be a healing ritual to set up an altar to a deceased parent and meditate there on the stresses that still remain between you. To approach the situation without judgment, to realize (non-logically) that forces pre-existing you provoked the condition as much as your parent did, will elicit much insight. Be especially aware of the presence of the past and the illusion of linear time. (Is it possible somehow to be your own great-grandfather?) Ancestor “worship” of this sort can be profoundly therapeutic.
Line 1
Legge: The first line, magnetic, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. If he is an able son, the father will escape the blame of having erred. The position is perilous, but there will be good fortune in the end.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Setting right what has been spoiled by the father. If there is a son, no blame rests upon the departed father. Danger. In the end good fortune.
Blofeld: Children exist to rectify the mistakes wrought by their fathers; hence the departed are made free from blame -- trouble ending in good fortune!
Liu: If the mistakes of the father are corrected by the son, no blame. There is danger, but in the end, good fortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: Managing the father's Corrupting. Possessing son-hood. Predecessors without fault. Adversity, completing significant.
Shaughnessy: The stem father's branch; there is a son crafty; there is no trouble; danger; in the end auspicious.
Cleary (1): Correcting the father’s degeneracy; if there is a son, the deceased father is without blame. Danger, but in the end it turns out well.
Cleary (2): Dealing with the degeneration of the father, if there is a child, the late father has no blame. It is dangerous but turns out well.
Wu: He attends to the affairs of his father. He is a capable son. His father will be free from blame. It is a difficult task, but it will be good in the end.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: He has entered into the work of his father. Wilhelm/ Baynes: He receives in his thoughts the deceased father. Blofeld: This implies assuming responsibility for their mistakes. Ritsema/Karcher: Intention receiving the predecessors indeed. Cleary (2): Consciously taking up after the late father. Wu: He intends to continue his father’s business.
Legge: Line one is magnetic, with a magnetic correlate in line four -- what can be done here to remedy the state of decay? But the line is the first of the hexagram, and the decay is not yet great. By heeding the cautions of the text, he can succeed. He has entered into the work of his father, and brings it about that his father is looked on as blameless.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: At the outset, wrongs have arisen which are not yet deeply rooted and can be remedied. But reforms are associated with dangers, which should be understood.
Wing: In order to avoid decay, it is necessary to change a traditional and rigid structure that is affecting your life. You may feel that this is too radical an undertaking. It is true that this kind of change is fraught with danger, but if you are cautious while making the reform you will meet with success and renewed growth.
Editor: This line doesn't lend itself to use of the usual gender symbolism. Wilhelm translates the Confucian commentary in terms of receiving the departed father in one's thoughts; Blofeld renders it as taking responsibility for the father's errors. Ritsema/Karcher render "adversity” as: “Danger, threatening, malevolent demon ... It indicates a spirit or ghost that seeks revenge by inflicting suffering upon the living. Pacifying or exorcizing such a spirit can have a healing effect.” This can refer to any unresolved stresses creating instability in the situation. Psychologically, the idea is that new insights modify old errors. If they are formulated carefully, further error is avoided and one has created a useful new foundation. Sometimes the line can refer to having misinterpreted a previous oracle.
Lord Naoshige said, "An ancestor's good or evil can be determined by the conduct of his descendants." A descendant should act in a way that will manifest the good in his ancestor and not the bad. This is filial piety. Yamamoto Tsunetomo --The Book of the Samurai
A. Rectify a past mistake.
Line 3
Legge: The third line, dynamic, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. There may be some small occasion for repentance, but there will not be any great error.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Setting right what has been spoiled by the father. There will be a little remorse. No great blame.
Blofeld: Making ourselves responsible for the mistakes of our fathers may involve some regret but not much blame.
Liu: In correcting the mistakes of the father, there is slight remorse. No great blame.
Ritsema/Karcher: Managing the father's Corrupting. The small possesses repenting. Without the great: fault.
Shaughnessy: The stem father's branch; there is a little regret; there is no great trouble.
Cleary (1): Correcting the degeneracy of the father, there is a little regret but not much blame.
Wu: He attends to the affairs of his father. There will be small regrets, but no big error.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: In the end there will be no error. Wilhelm/Baynes: In the end there is no blame. Blofeld: In the end we shall be free from blame. Ritsema/Karcher: Completing without fault indeed. Cleary (2): In the end there is no blame. Wu: He will be blameless in the end.
Legge: Line three is dynamic, but not central, so that he might well go to excess in his efforts. But this tendency is counteracted by his place in the trigram of Humble Submission. (Pliancy.)
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man proceeds too energetically in correcting past errors. This results in some discord and distress. But a trifle too much energy is preferable to a trifle too little, and no great blame will ensue.
Wing: You are anxious to rectify the mistakes of the past and move vigorously into the future. Your actions may be hasty and you will be judged inconsiderate by others, but in the end you will not suffer for it.
Editor: The image suggests the normal rectification of an error.
Anyone who has ever been through such a psychic experience knows what an immense relief this can be, how much more bearable, for example, it is for a son to conceive the son-father problem no longer on the plane of individual guilt -- in relation, for example, to his own desire for his father's death, his aggressions and desires for revenge -- but as a problem of deliverance from the father, i.e., from a dominant principle of consciousness, that is no longer adequate for the son: a problem that concerns all men and has been disclosed in the myths and fairy tales as the slaying of the reigning old king and the son's accession to his throne. J. Jacobi -- Complex, Archetype, Symbol
Autres titres : Diminution, Le Symbole de la Réduction, Perte, Diminution, Réduction, Diminution des Excès, Déclin, Mise en Équilibre, Équilibre Dynamique, Sacrifice, "Pas nécessairement une perte matérielle. Peut signifier diminuer le moi inférieur pour augmenter le moi supérieur." -- D.F. Hook
Jugement
Legge : Sacrifice Compensatoire signifie que la rectitude sincèrement maintenue apporte un grand succès. L'action est appropriée si le sacrifice est sincère -- même deux paniers de grains, bien qu'il n'y ait rien d'autre, peuvent être offerts.
Wilhelm/Baynes :Diminution combinée avec sincérité apporte une suprême bonne fortune sans blâme. On peut persévérer dans cela. Il est avantageux d'entreprendre quelque chose. Comment cela doit-il être réalisé ? On peut utiliser deux petits bols pour le sacrifice.
Blofeld : Perte accompagnée de confiance -- sublime bonne fortune et pas d'erreur ! Il est favorable d'avoir en vue un objectif (ou une destination). S'il y a un doute sur ce qu'il faut utiliser pour le sacrifice, deux petits bols suffiront.
Liu :Diminution avec sincérité : grande bonne fortune, pas de blâme. On peut continuer. Il est bénéfique d'aller quelque part. Comment cela (diminution avec sincérité) peut-il être fait ? On peut utiliser deux récipients en bambou de grains pour un sacrifice.
Ritsema/Karcher : Diminution, possédant conformité. Printemps significatif. Sans faute, permettant l'épreuve. Récolter : possédant une direction. Demander pourquoi : avoir à disposition. Deux plats permettent de présenter. [Ce hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de sacrifice et de perte. Il souligne que se diminuer et réduire ses engagements est la manière adéquate de la gérer...]
Shaughnessy : Il y a un retour ; prime auspiciousness ; il n'y a pas de problème. Cela peut être déterminé. Bénéfique d'avoir un endroit où aller. Pourquoi utiliser deux terrines ; vous pouvez utiliser de l'herbe aromatique.
Cleary (1) : Réduction avec sincérité est très auspiceuse, impeccable. Cela devrait être correct. Il est bénéfique d'aller quelque part. Quelle est l'utilité des deux bols ? Ils peuvent être utilisés pour recevoir.
Cleary (2) : … Il est bénéfique d'avoir un endroit où aller, etc. … Ils peuvent être utilisés pour la présentation.
Wu : Perte indique qu'avec confiance il y aura grande fortune, pas d'erreur, persévérance, et avantage à avoir des entreprises. Que faut-il utiliser dans les offrandes ? Deux boîtes de grains sont adéquates.
L'Image
Legge : L'image d'une montagne et en dessous les eaux d'un marais forment Sacrifice Compensatoire. L'homme supérieur, en accord avec cela, retient sa colère et réprime ses désirs.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Au pied de la montagne, le lac : l'image de Diminution. Ainsi l'homme supérieur contrôle sa colère et retient ses instincts.
Blofeld : Ce hexagramme symbolise un lac marécageux au pied d'une montagne. L'Homme Supérieur garde sa colère sous contrôle et est modéré dans ses désirs.
Liu : Le lac à côté de la montagne symbolise Diminution. L'homme supérieur freine son indignation et restreint ses désirs.
Ritsema/Karcher : En dessous de la montagne possédant un marais. Diminution. Un chun tzu utilise la retenue de la colère pour bloquer les appétits.
Cleary (1) : Il y a un lac sous une montagne, réduisant cela. Ainsi la personne supérieure élimine la colère et la cupidité.
Cleary (2) : Lac sous une montagne – Réduction. Ainsi les personnes développées éliminent la colère et la cupidité.
Wu : Il y a un marais sous la montagne ; c'est Perte. Ainsi le jun zi atténue sa colère et retient ses désirs.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge : Dans Sacrifice Compensatoire le trigramme inférieur est diminué pour augmenter le supérieur, et le flux est ascendant. Les deux paniers de grains sont en accord avec le temps. Il y a un moment où le fort doit être diminué et le faible renforcé. Diminution et augmentation, débordement et vide, se produisent en harmonie avec les exigences du temps.
Legge : Ch'eng-tzu dit : "Toute diminution et répression de ce que nous avons en excès pour le mettre en accord avec le droit et la raison est comprise sous Sacrifice Compensatoire. S'il y a sincérité à faire cela, cela mènera au succès et au bonheur, et même si l'offrande est petite, elle sera acceptée."
Les éditeurs de K'ang-hsi disent : "Ce qui est signifié par diminuer dans ce hexagramme est la régulation des dépenses ou contributions selon le temps. Cela varierait dans une famille selon sa pauvreté ou sa richesse, et dans un état selon l'abondance ou la rareté de ses ressources. Si l'on complète l'insuffisance de son offrande par l'abondance de sa sincérité, l'insignifiance de ses deux paniers ne sera pas méprisée."
Les eaux d'un marais montent continuellement en vapeur pour arroser la colline au-dessus, et ainsi augmenter sa verdure. Ce qui est pris du marais donne de l'augmentation à la colline.
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : Un sacrifice crée l'équilibre.
L'Homme Supérieur sacrifie ses appétits à un principe supérieur.
Le nom traditionnel de ce hexagramme est Diminution, mais les lignes et le commentaire décrivent tous un échange compensatoire de forces pour atteindre l'équilibre. L'idée de "sacrifice" est mentionnée dans le Jugement, et cela pourrait aussi faire un bon titre, bien que l'image de deux paniers de grains suggère une balance : un dispositif "compensatoire". Dans ce hexagramme, le flux d'énergie se déplace de bas en haut -- les eaux du lac ou du marais se dispersent pour enrichir la montagne. En termes psychologiques, nous pensons à l'ego sacrifiant ou diminuant son autonomie pour atteindre un équilibre psychique avec le Soi : nous renonçons à quelque chose de précieux pour obtenir quelque chose d'encore plus précieux. Sans ce quid pro quo, le concept de sacrifice est dénué de sens et irrationnel.
Un sacrifice est censé être une perte, afin que l'on puisse être sûr que la revendication égoïste n'existe plus. Par conséquent, le don doit être fait comme s'il était détruit. Mais puisque le don me représente, j'ai dans ce cas détruit moi-même, donné moi-même sans attente de retour. Pourtant, vu d'une autre manière, cette perte intentionnelle est aussi un gain, car si vous pouvez vous donner, cela prouve que vous vous possédez. Personne ne peut donner ce qu'il n'a pas. Jung -- Symbolisme de la Transformation dans la Messe
Comparez le message de l'Image du hexagramme numéro 15, Tempérance avec la notion d'un équilibre compensatoire : "L'homme supérieur, en accord avec cela, diminue ses excès pour augmenter ses insuffisances, créant ainsi un juste équilibre." Nous sommes rappelés d'une autre "Tempérance" -- le 14ème Arcane du Tarot, qui dépeint un ange versant de l'eau d'un vase à un autre : "compensatoire". Une comparaison de son symbolisme avec celui du hexagramme numéro 41 offre de nombreux aperçus :
Le Chemin de ... TEMPÉRANCE, mène de ... la Personnalité [ego] au Soi Supérieur ... Toute l'expérience est une préparation de la Personnalité [ego], et du corps dans lequel elle opère, pour faire face à un influx de Lumière qui serait dévastateur pour un système non prêt à gérer une telle énergie. Le plus important ici est le suivi des progrès, le test continu d'en haut. C'est l'ange ici qui est à la fois le Soi Supérieur et les forces initiatiques de la Nature, qui verse l'élixir de vase en vase. C'est un processus continu de test ; mesurer pour voir combien le véhicule physique peut supporter. R. Wang --Le Tarot Qabalistique
Sans s'attarder sur le point, nous pouvons voir que tout sacrifice est une sorte de rémunération : cela ne pourrait être autrement dans un univers interconnecté. L'instruction de l'Image pour l'homme supérieur de "contrôler sa colère" est également évoquée dans la carte de la Tempérance. Cela se rapporte à :
...un aspect des Mystères rarement discuté, et certainement pertinent pour le Vingt-Cinquième Chemin [l'équivalent kabbalistique de la relation entre les lignes un et quatre dans ce hexagramme] : c'est l'hostilité très réelle souvent ressentie par l'étudiant envers le Chemin lui-même, alors qu'il travaille jour après jour et semble ne pas avancer. Une telle hostilité et frustration est en elle-même un test majeur ; elle fait partie intégrante du travail avant l'émergence de preuves intérieures. -- Ibid
"Diminution avec sincérité" (Liu) se réfère au sacrifice continu pour les objectifs du Travail, et "freiner la colère" (Ritsema/Karcher) est la façon de gérer les forces archétypales évoquées lorsque la diminution semble sans fin et que vous n'avez encore rien reçu en retour. Comme tout autre hexagramme, Sacrifice Compensatoire peut symboliser une infinité de situations possibles, mais psychologiquement parlant, nous pouvons d'abord le considérer comme une image de sacrifice dans le but d'atteindre un équilibre de pouvoir au sein de la psyché. Sans le dévouement sacrificiel de l'ego, le Soi ne peut atteindre sa volonté ; et si le Soi ne peut y parvenir, l'ego est condamné par défaut.