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Modestie15
Adoptez l'humilité et l'équilibre ; laissez la modestie guider vos actions pour un progrès harmonieux.
↓ Line 2
Lorsque la modestie s'exprime naturellement, elle conduit à des résultats positifs et à un succès durable.
↓ Line 4
La modestie dans l'action est toujours bénéfique et conduit au progrès.
↓ Durée32
La cohérence apporte l'endurance. Restez fidèle à votre chemin, créez des habitudes durables et cultivez la patience pour un succès durable.
Lectures originales
15 Modestie
Other titles: Modesty, The Symbol of Humility, Moderation, Humbling, Respectful/Humble, Yielding/Retiring. 1. Obtaining this hexagram implies that modesty is needed in our attitude, meaning, to allow ourself to be led without resistance. – C.K. Anthony. 2. A Humble or modest person is thought of as having an “empty or unoccupied” mind, meaning a mind without prejudice. – Chung Wu. 3. Only superior people who practice Tao know where to stop, disregard what they have and appear to have nothing. – T. Cleary.
Judgment
Legge:Temperance indicates successful progress. Temperancebrings a good issue to the superior man's undertakings.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty creates success. The superior man carries things through.
Blofeld:Modesty brings success. The Superior Man is able to carry affairs through to completion.
Liu: Modesty: success. The superior man can continue to work to the end.
Ritsema/Karcher: Humbling, Growing. A chun tzu possesses completing. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of the necessity to cut through pride and complication. It emphasizes that keeping your words unpretentious is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Modesty: Receipt; the gentleman has an end.
Cleary (1):Humility is developmental. The superior person has a conclusion.
Cleary (2):Humility gets through. A leader has a conclusion.
Wu:Humility is pervasive. The jun zi will have grace in death.
The Image
Legge: A mountain hidden within the earth -- the image of Temperance. The superior man, in accordance with this, diminishes his excesses to augment his insufficiencies, thus creating a just balance.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Within the earth, a mountain: the image of Modesty. Thus the superior man reduces that which is too much, and augments that which is too little. He weighs things and makes them equal.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes a mountain in the centre of the earth. The Superior Man takes from where there is too much in order to augment what is too little. He weighs things and apportions them fairly. [The component trigrams symbolize a mountain surrounded by flat earth, thus suggesting too much in one place and too little in others.]
Liu: The mountain within the earth symbolizes modesty. The superior man reduces the excess and increases the lacking; he weighs and then equalizes all things.
Ritsema/Karcher: Earth center possessing mountain. Humbling. A chun tzu uses reducing the numerous to augment the few. A chun tzu uses evaluating beings to even spreading-out.
Cleary (1): There are mountains in the earth; modesty. Thus does the superior person decrease the abundant and add to the scarce, assessing things and dealing impartially.
Cleary (2): … Leaders assess people and give impartially, by taking from the abundant and adding to the scarce.
Wu: There is a mountain inside earth; this is Humility. Thus the jun zi takes excess from the more to enrich the less and measures goods to ensure fair distribution. [To prepare oneself to accept what is fair among all his fellow men is the essence of humility.]
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: It is the way of heaven to dispense its blessings downwards, and the way of earth to radiate its influence upwards. Both heaven and earth diminish the full to augment the lowly. Spiritual beings inflict calamity on the proud and bless the meek, and men resent ostentation and love temperance. Temperanceenlightens an honorable office, and neither will men ignore it in lowly positions. Thus does the superior man attain his ends. [Emphasis editor's -- Ritsema/Karcher translate "spiritual beings" [Kuei Shen] as: "The whole range of imaginal beings both inside and outside the individual; spiritual powers, gods, demons, ghosts, powers, fetishes.”]
Legge: An essay on temperance rightly follows that on abundant possessions. The third line, dynamic among five magnetic lines, in the topmost place of the trigram of Keeping Still, is the ruler of the hexagram. He is the representative of Temperance -- strong, but self-effacing. The idea is that temperance is the way to permanent success.
The Confucian commentary deals generally with the subject of temperance, showing how it is valued by heaven and earth, by spirits and by men. The descent of the heavenly influences, and the low position of the earth are both symbolic of temperance. The heavenly influences are seen in the daily fluctuations of the sun and moon, and the fertility of the earth correspondingly waxes and wanes with the seasons.
The Daily Lecture says:"The five yin lines above and below symbolize the earth; the one yang line in the center is the mountain in the midst of the earth. The many yin lines represent men's desires; the one yang line represents the heavenly principle. The superior man, looking at this symbolism, diminishes the multitude of human desires within him, and increases the single shoot of the heavenly principle; so does he become grandly just, and can deal with all things evenly according to the nature of each. In whatever circumstances or place he is, he will do what is right.”
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Temperance means maintaining a dynamic/magnetic balance of forces to attain success.
The Superior Man maintains equilibrium in all that he does.
The most common translation of the title for this hexagram is Modesty, but I have chosen Temperance as a title more expressive of the ideas in the Image and Confucian commentary. The words “modesty” and “humility” often carry a connotation of weakness in western usage, and “temperance,” meaning to temper or regulate, is more expressive of the dynamic strength of will required to restrain and modulate the drive to dominate every situation.
The Image shows a mountain hidden beneath the earth--the quiet, invincible power of sheer will is hidden from view, yet it influences everything. Who observing such a level surface would know that the bulk of Mt. Everest was buried beneath it? Temperance means that one's power is hidden, that the fluctuations of heaven and earth are kept in such dynamic/magnetic balance as to be invisible to ordinary vision. The temperate person is strong enough to bear the weight of the world when that is necessary for the Work.
Marcus Aurelius, the Stoic Roman Emperor, was arguably the most powerful man of his time, yet his temperance and modesty showed him to fulfill the ideal of the superior man. Only the truly strong can be truly modest.
And let this truth be present to thee in the excitement of anger, that to be moved by passion is not manly, but that mildness and gentleness, as they are more agreeable to human nature, so also are they more manly; and he who possesses these qualities possesses strength, nerves and courage, and not the man who is subject to fits of passion and discontent. For in the same degree in which a man's mind is nearer to freedom from all passion, in the same degree also is it nearer to strength. Marcus Aurelius
Line 2
Legge: The second line, magnetic, shows us temperance that has made itself recognized. With firm correctness there will be good fortune.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty that comes to expression. Perseverance brings good fortune.
Blofeld: Modestly crows the cock. Righteous persistence brings good fortune.
Liu: Modesty is expressed. Continuing brings good fortune.
Shaughnessy: Calling modesty; determination is auspicious.
Cleary (1): Expressing humility is upright and good.
Cleary (2): Expressing humility is good if correct.
Wu: The subject rolls about humility. With perseverance there will be auspiciousness.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She has the virtue in the core of her heart. Wilhelm/ Baynes: He has it in the depths of his heart. Blofeld: The cry reaches the depths of our hearts. Ritsema/Karcher: Centering the heart acquiring indeed. Cleary (2): Good if correct in the sense of attainment of the heart. Wu: Because it comes from the heart.
Legge: Line two is magnetic, central, and in her proper place. She represents temperance that has "crowed” -- that is, has proclaimed itself.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Modesty is at the core of the man's being and reveals itself in his outward behavior.
Wing: By maintaining a careful inner Moderation, your outward actions gain influence and weight. You will now be entrusted with responsibilities. A thoroughness in your actions brings good fortune.
Editor: Temperance that "crows” seems to be a contradiction in terms; nevertheless, the image suggests the expression of temperance in one's behavior. A certain sacrifice of autonomy is implied.
The greater you are, the more you should behave humbly, and then you will find favor with the Lord. Ecclesiasticus 3: 19
A. Submit to the requirements of the time.
B. "Modesty is the best policy."
C. Show a little temperance in your behavior, or maintain your temperate attitude.
Line 4
Legge: The fourth line, magnetic, shows one whose action would be in every way advantageous, stirring up the more her temperance.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Nothing that would not further modesty in movement.
Blofeld: Everything will be propitious for those who cultivate modesty.
Liu: To act with modesty is beneficial toward everything.
Ritsema/Karcher: Without not Harvesting, demonstrating Humbling.
Shaughnessy: There is nothing not beneficial. False modesty.
Cleary (1): Beneficial to all, extending humility.
Cleary (2): Beneficial to all, the exercise of humility.
Wu: Promoting humility is nothing but advantageous.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: In doing this she does not act contrary to the proper rule. Wilhelm/Baynes: He does not overstep the rule. Blofeld: This involves no departure from what is right. Ritsema/Karcher: Not contradicting by-consequence indeed. Cleary (2): This is the way it is supposed to be. Wu: Because it violates no principle.
Legge: Line four is magnetic and in her proper place. She is sure to be successful and prosperous, but being so near the fifth-line ruler she should still use the greatest precaution. The "proper rule” is the rule proper for her in her circumstances so near the place of the ruler.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man maintains his modesty in the proper perspective. He does not avoid his responsibilities, abuse the ruler's confidence, or conceal the subordinate's merit.
Wing: Once the balance of true Moderation is reached, it must be continually maintained. This does not mean simply maintaining the form of Moderation, but continuing to cultivate equilibrium in your character and a sense of responsibility toward your society.
Editor: An unambiguous image of temperate action.
Modesty and humility are not signs of an inferiority complex. They are highly estimable, indeed admirable virtues and not complexes. They prove that their fortunate possessor is not a presumptuous fool but knows his limitations, and will therefore never stumble beyond the bounds of humanity, dazzled and intoxicated by his imagined greatness. Jung -- Depth Psychology and Self-Knowledge
A. Advance the Work through temperate, well-considered action, without exceeding your authority.
32 Durée
Autres titres : Durée, Le Symbole de la Constance, La Longue Endurance, Constant, Persévérant, Tenir Bon, Continuité, Constance au Milieu du Changement, Tenir Ferme, "Mettez-vous dans une routine fixe comme les planètes en orbite." -- D.F. Hook
Jugement
Legge :La Consistance signifie un progrès réussi sans erreur grâce à une fermeté correcte. Le mouvement dans n'importe quelle direction est avantageux.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Durée. Succès. Pas de blâme. La persévérance est bénéfique. Il est avantageux d'avoir un endroit où aller.
Blofeld : La Longue Endurance. Succès et absence d'erreur ! La persistance juste apporte une récompense. Il est favorable d'avoir en vue un objectif ou une destination.
Liu :Durée. Succès. Pas de blâme. Il est bénéfique de continuer. Aller n'importe où est avantageux.
Ritsema/Karcher :Persévérant, Croissance. Sans faute. Récolter l'épreuve. Récolter : posséder une direction. [Cet hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de continuité et d'endurance. Il souligne que continuer et renouveler la voie que vous suivez est la manière adéquate de gérer la situation. Pour être en accord avec le temps, on vous dit de persévérer !]
Shaughnessy : Constance : Réception ; il n'y a pas de problème ; bénéfique de déterminer ; bénéfique d'avoir un endroit où aller.
Cleary (1) :Constance est développementale. Impeccable. Il est bénéfique d'être correct. Il est bénéfique d'avoir un endroit où aller.
Cleary (2) :Constance se manifeste sans faute, bénéfique dans la mesure où elle est correcte. Il est bénéfique d'avoir un endroit où aller.
Wu : Constance indique la pénétration. Il n'y aura pas de blâme. Elle indique également l'avantage d'être persévérant et d'avoir des entreprises.
L'Image
Legge : Tonnerre sur le vent -- l'image de la Consistance. L'homme supérieur reste ferme et ne change pas sa méthode d'opération.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Tonnerre et vent : l'image de la Durée. Ainsi l'homme supérieur reste ferme et ne change pas de direction.
Blofeld : Cet hexagramme symbolise le tonnerre accompagné de vent. L'Homme Supérieur reste si fermement qu'il ne peut être déraciné.
Liu : Le tonnerre et le vent symbolisent la Durée. L'homme supérieur reste ferme sans changer de direction.
Ritsema/Karcher : Tonnerre, vent, Persévérant. Un Chun tzu utilise l'établissement, pas la polyvalence de tous côtés.
Cleary (1) : Le tonnerre et le vent sont perpétuels. Ainsi la personne supérieure reste sans changer de place.
Cleary (2) : Le tonnerre et le vent sont constants; ainsi les personnes développées restent sans changer de place.
Wu : Une combinaison de tonnerre et de vent forme la Constance. Ainsi le jun zi s'établit en ne changeant pas de poste.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge : La Consistance signifie une longue continuité. Le trigramme dynamique du Tonnerre est au-dessus, et le trigramme magnétique du Vent est en dessous. La docilité et la force motrice sont en communication sympathique car leurs lignes dynamiques et magnétiques correspondent toutes. Lorsque la puissance motrice est épuisée, elle recommencera -- d'où le mouvement dans n'importe quelle direction est avantageux. Le soleil et la lune sont constants dans leur illumination, et les quatre saisons séquentielles sont constantes dans leurs cycles de croissance. Les sages sont constants dans leur travail et tout sous le ciel est transformé. Lorsque nous examinons cette persévérance constante, les tendances naturelles du ciel et de la terre sont révélées.
Legge : Le sujet de l'hexagramme est la persévérance dans ce qui est juste, ou dans l'action continue de la loi de son être. Il est vu comme une suite de l'hexagramme précédent,Initiative. Comme cette figure traite des relations correctes
entre mari et femme, cette figure traite de l'observance continue de leurs devoirs respectifs. Initiative se compose des trigrammes symbolisant le fils cadet et la fille cadette et montre comment l'attraction et l'influence entre les sexes sont les plus fortes chez les jeunes. La Consistance en revanche, se compose des trigrammes symbolisant le fils aîné et la fille aînée. Ce couple est plus posé. La femme occupe la place inférieure, et leur relation est caractérisée par sa soumission. Étant donné deux parties, une magnétique et une dynamique en corrélation, si les deux observent constamment ce qui est correct et naturel (c'est-à-dire la magnétique soumise et la dynamique ferme), alors la bonne fortune et le progrès peuvent être prédits pour leur parcours.
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : La volonté de maintenir la consistance du Travail assure le progrès dans n'importe quelle direction qu'il peut prendre.
L'Homme Supérieur s'en tient aux principes du Travail.
Le titre de Wilhelm pour cet hexagramme est Durée. Je pense que le mot Consistance évoque le mieux le sens de la figure. Dans une existence constituée de changements continus, les seules choses qui ont une durée sont les principes sur lesquels le changement est basé. Adhérer à ces principes, c'est maintenir la consistance. Implicite ici est un équilibre constant des forces. Consistance dans le Travail signifie ni action ni inaction constantes, mais une combinaison appropriée des deux principes selon les circonstances changeantes. Le commentaire confucéen fait allusion à cette caractéristique du Travail lorsqu'il mentionne le soleil, la lune et les saisons changeantes comme exemples de forces qui maintiennent leur consistance dans un contexte de changement continu.
Tout comme la lune la nuit reflète la lumière du soleil caché, ainsi dans le Travail l'ego est toujours magnétique par rapport au Soi dynamique. Une lune qui penserait qu'elle est la source de sa lumière serait gravement trompée, malgré les apparences superficielles ; de même l'ego qui pense que ses pouvoirs viennent d'ailleurs que du Soi.
Les motivations et les normes de choix ne sont pas inventées par l'ego mais sont structurées par l'actualisation des prédispositions archétypales à travers des normes de valeur personnellement acquises. E. C. Whitmont -- The Symbolic Quest
SUGGESTIONS POUR LA MÉDITATION
Notez que toutes les lignes de l'hexagramme sont généralement défavorables sauf deux et cinq, et que lorsqu'elles changent de place, l'hexagramme devient le numéro trente et un, Initiative. Il y a une leçon profonde ici qui est mieux appréciée en méditant sur les associations impliquées. Le fait que chaque hexagramme soit l'inverse de l'autre ne doit pas être oublié.