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Modestie15
Adoptez l'humilité et l'équilibre ; laissez la modestie guider vos actions pour un progrès harmonieux.
↓ Line 1
La véritable modestie n'est pas autoconsciente. Elle permet d'entreprendre de grandes tâches avec confiance et succès.
↓ Line 2
Lorsque la modestie s'exprime naturellement, elle conduit à des résultats positifs et à un succès durable.
↓ Line 5
Évitez d'exhiber vos ressources. Utilisez-les plutôt de manière judicieuse et affirmée pour atteindre vos objectifs.
↓ Attente5
Soyez patient et préparez-vous. Faites confiance au timing pour réussir. Soyez constant et prêt.
Lectures originales
15 Modestie
Other titles: Modesty, The Symbol of Humility, Moderation, Humbling, Respectful/Humble, Yielding/Retiring. 1. Obtaining this hexagram implies that modesty is needed in our attitude, meaning, to allow ourself to be led without resistance. – C.K. Anthony. 2. A Humble or modest person is thought of as having an “empty or unoccupied” mind, meaning a mind without prejudice. – Chung Wu. 3. Only superior people who practice Tao know where to stop, disregard what they have and appear to have nothing. – T. Cleary.
Judgment
Legge:Temperance indicates successful progress. Temperancebrings a good issue to the superior man's undertakings.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty creates success. The superior man carries things through.
Blofeld:Modesty brings success. The Superior Man is able to carry affairs through to completion.
Liu: Modesty: success. The superior man can continue to work to the end.
Ritsema/Karcher: Humbling, Growing. A chun tzu possesses completing. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of the necessity to cut through pride and complication. It emphasizes that keeping your words unpretentious is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Modesty: Receipt; the gentleman has an end.
Cleary (1):Humility is developmental. The superior person has a conclusion.
Cleary (2):Humility gets through. A leader has a conclusion.
Wu:Humility is pervasive. The jun zi will have grace in death.
The Image
Legge: A mountain hidden within the earth -- the image of Temperance. The superior man, in accordance with this, diminishes his excesses to augment his insufficiencies, thus creating a just balance.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Within the earth, a mountain: the image of Modesty. Thus the superior man reduces that which is too much, and augments that which is too little. He weighs things and makes them equal.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes a mountain in the centre of the earth. The Superior Man takes from where there is too much in order to augment what is too little. He weighs things and apportions them fairly. [The component trigrams symbolize a mountain surrounded by flat earth, thus suggesting too much in one place and too little in others.]
Liu: The mountain within the earth symbolizes modesty. The superior man reduces the excess and increases the lacking; he weighs and then equalizes all things.
Ritsema/Karcher: Earth center possessing mountain. Humbling. A chun tzu uses reducing the numerous to augment the few. A chun tzu uses evaluating beings to even spreading-out.
Cleary (1): There are mountains in the earth; modesty. Thus does the superior person decrease the abundant and add to the scarce, assessing things and dealing impartially.
Cleary (2): … Leaders assess people and give impartially, by taking from the abundant and adding to the scarce.
Wu: There is a mountain inside earth; this is Humility. Thus the jun zi takes excess from the more to enrich the less and measures goods to ensure fair distribution. [To prepare oneself to accept what is fair among all his fellow men is the essence of humility.]
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: It is the way of heaven to dispense its blessings downwards, and the way of earth to radiate its influence upwards. Both heaven and earth diminish the full to augment the lowly. Spiritual beings inflict calamity on the proud and bless the meek, and men resent ostentation and love temperance. Temperanceenlightens an honorable office, and neither will men ignore it in lowly positions. Thus does the superior man attain his ends. [Emphasis editor's -- Ritsema/Karcher translate "spiritual beings" [Kuei Shen] as: "The whole range of imaginal beings both inside and outside the individual; spiritual powers, gods, demons, ghosts, powers, fetishes.”]
Legge: An essay on temperance rightly follows that on abundant possessions. The third line, dynamic among five magnetic lines, in the topmost place of the trigram of Keeping Still, is the ruler of the hexagram. He is the representative of Temperance -- strong, but self-effacing. The idea is that temperance is the way to permanent success.
The Confucian commentary deals generally with the subject of temperance, showing how it is valued by heaven and earth, by spirits and by men. The descent of the heavenly influences, and the low position of the earth are both symbolic of temperance. The heavenly influences are seen in the daily fluctuations of the sun and moon, and the fertility of the earth correspondingly waxes and wanes with the seasons.
The Daily Lecture says:"The five yin lines above and below symbolize the earth; the one yang line in the center is the mountain in the midst of the earth. The many yin lines represent men's desires; the one yang line represents the heavenly principle. The superior man, looking at this symbolism, diminishes the multitude of human desires within him, and increases the single shoot of the heavenly principle; so does he become grandly just, and can deal with all things evenly according to the nature of each. In whatever circumstances or place he is, he will do what is right.”
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Temperance means maintaining a dynamic/magnetic balance of forces to attain success.
The Superior Man maintains equilibrium in all that he does.
The most common translation of the title for this hexagram is Modesty, but I have chosen Temperance as a title more expressive of the ideas in the Image and Confucian commentary. The words “modesty” and “humility” often carry a connotation of weakness in western usage, and “temperance,” meaning to temper or regulate, is more expressive of the dynamic strength of will required to restrain and modulate the drive to dominate every situation.
The Image shows a mountain hidden beneath the earth--the quiet, invincible power of sheer will is hidden from view, yet it influences everything. Who observing such a level surface would know that the bulk of Mt. Everest was buried beneath it? Temperance means that one's power is hidden, that the fluctuations of heaven and earth are kept in such dynamic/magnetic balance as to be invisible to ordinary vision. The temperate person is strong enough to bear the weight of the world when that is necessary for the Work.
Marcus Aurelius, the Stoic Roman Emperor, was arguably the most powerful man of his time, yet his temperance and modesty showed him to fulfill the ideal of the superior man. Only the truly strong can be truly modest.
And let this truth be present to thee in the excitement of anger, that to be moved by passion is not manly, but that mildness and gentleness, as they are more agreeable to human nature, so also are they more manly; and he who possesses these qualities possesses strength, nerves and courage, and not the man who is subject to fits of passion and discontent. For in the same degree in which a man's mind is nearer to freedom from all passion, in the same degree also is it nearer to strength. Marcus Aurelius
Line 1
Legge: The first line, magnetic, shows us the superior man who adds temperance to his temperance. Even the great stream may be crossed with this, and there will be good fortune.
Wilhelm/Baynes: A superior man modest about his modesty may cross the great water. Good fortune.
Blofeld: The Superior Man, ever modest and retiring, fords the great river -- good fortune! [Any journey undertaken at this time will bring good fortune.]
Liu: The superior man is modest in his modesty. It is favorable to cross the great water. Good fortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: Humbling, Humbling: chun tzu. Availing-of wading the Great River. Significant.
Shaughnessy: So modest is the gentleman; herewith ford the great river; auspicious.
Cleary (1): Humble about humility, the superior person thereby crosses great rivers. This is auspicious.
Cleary (2): Extreme humility. It is fortunate if leaders use this to cross great rivers.
Wu: Being humble about his humility, the jun zi can make use of this virtue to cross the big river. It will be auspicious.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The superior man who adds temperance to his temperance is one who nourishes his virtue in lowliness. Wilhelm/Baynes: The superior man is lowly in order to guard himself well. Blofeld: He shows humility in disciplining himself. Ritsema/Karcher: Lowliness uses originating-from herding indeed. Cleary (2): In extreme humility, leaders manage themselves with lowliness. Wu: The jun zi uses humility for self-discipline.
Legge: A magnetic line at the lowest place in the figure is the fitting symbol of the superior man adding temperance to his temperance. The phrase "nourishes his virtue” in the Confucian commentary is literally: "pastures himself.” He is all temperance -- that is what makes him who he is.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: At the outset, the man retains his humility and does not press any claims. As a result he is free from challenges and does not encounter resistance. Difficult enterprises can be undertaken successfully.
Wing: If you can carry out your proposed endeavor quietly, competently, and thoroughly, without obvious announcements of your intentions, you can achieve even significant aims. With a modest and disciplined attitude, you do not create resistance or invite challenge.
Editor: Wilhelm translates the Confucian commentary in terms of lowliness as a technique of self-protection. Blofeld renders it as showing humility in one's self-discipline. Ritsema/Karcher render the verb MU, Herd, as: “tend cattle; watch over, superintend; ruler, teacher;” which recalls Legge's rendering of: "pastures himself.” The idea is to use the discipline of will to keep oneself under control. The line is conceptually a kind of "shadow” to line one of the following hexagram of Enthusiasm, which see. Sometimes it can have the meaning of "reserve” or "reservations,” as in "taking something with a grain of salt.”
The signs of one who is making progress are these: he censures no man, he praises no man, he blames no man, he accuses no man, he says nothing about himself as if he were somebody or knew something: when he is impeded at all or hindered, he blames himself ... he removes all desire from himself, and transfers aversion only to those things within his power which are contrary to nature: he employs a moderate movement towards every thing: whether he is considered foolish or ignorant, he cares not: and in a word he watches himself as if he were an enemy and lying in ambush. Epictetus
A. If you can maintain perspective, an advance is warranted.
B. A double portion of temperance: preserve your reserve, or your reservations about the matter at hand.
C. The ego undertakes responsibility for the Work with the full awareness that it is only the instrument of a higher intelligence within the psyche. This requires a servant's sense of reserve.
Line 2
Legge: The second line, magnetic, shows us temperance that has made itself recognized. With firm correctness there will be good fortune.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty that comes to expression. Perseverance brings good fortune.
Blofeld: Modestly crows the cock. Righteous persistence brings good fortune.
Liu: Modesty is expressed. Continuing brings good fortune.
Shaughnessy: Calling modesty; determination is auspicious.
Cleary (1): Expressing humility is upright and good.
Cleary (2): Expressing humility is good if correct.
Wu: The subject rolls about humility. With perseverance there will be auspiciousness.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She has the virtue in the core of her heart. Wilhelm/ Baynes: He has it in the depths of his heart. Blofeld: The cry reaches the depths of our hearts. Ritsema/Karcher: Centering the heart acquiring indeed. Cleary (2): Good if correct in the sense of attainment of the heart. Wu: Because it comes from the heart.
Legge: Line two is magnetic, central, and in her proper place. She represents temperance that has "crowed” -- that is, has proclaimed itself.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Modesty is at the core of the man's being and reveals itself in his outward behavior.
Wing: By maintaining a careful inner Moderation, your outward actions gain influence and weight. You will now be entrusted with responsibilities. A thoroughness in your actions brings good fortune.
Editor: Temperance that "crows” seems to be a contradiction in terms; nevertheless, the image suggests the expression of temperance in one's behavior. A certain sacrifice of autonomy is implied.
The greater you are, the more you should behave humbly, and then you will find favor with the Lord. Ecclesiasticus 3: 19
A. Submit to the requirements of the time.
B. "Modesty is the best policy."
C. Show a little temperance in your behavior, or maintain your temperate attitude.
Line 5
Legge: The fifth line, magnetic, shows one who, without being rich, is able to employ her neighbors. She may advantageously use the force of arms. All her movements will be advantageous.
Wilhelm/Baynes: No boasting of wealth before one's neighbor. It is favorable to attack with force. Nothing that would not further.
Blofeld: In treating his neighbors, he is modest about his wealth. If he now attacks the rebels, everything will contribute to his success.
Liu: Do not show off your riches to your neighbor. It is beneficial to attack with force. It is favorable for everything.
Ritsema/Karcher: Not affluence: using one's neighbor. Harvesting: availing-of encroaching subjugating. Without not Harvesting.
Shaughnessy: Not wealthy together with his neighbors; beneficial herewith to invade and attack; there is nothing not beneficial.
Cleary (1): Not enriching oneself, one shares with the neighbors. It is beneficial to make an invasion, which will profit all.
Cleary (2): Not rich, employing the neighbors, it is beneficial in invasion and attack; all will profit.
Wu: He is capable of influencing his neighbors, despite his lack of wealth. It will be advantageous to take military actions. [Military actions are advantageous only if used to quell an insurrection, but certainly not to launch an aggression.]
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She may use the force of arms to correct those who do not submit. Wilhelm/Baynes: "It is favorable to attack with force” in order to chastise the disobedient. Blofeld: Such an attack is warranted if the purpose is to chastise those who do not submit to virtuous laws. [This is not an invitation to use force in any circumstances, but only if its use is directed at what is truly perverse or evil.] Ritsema/Karcher: Chastising, not submitting indeed. Cleary (2): In the sense of overcoming the unruly. Wu: Because they are taken against the insurrection.
Legge: Men honor temperance in itself, whether or not it has the power to command obedience and respect. Hence her neighbors follow the ruler in the fifth line, though she may not be very rich or powerful. Her temperance need not prevent her from asserting her rights, even by the force of arms. Any refusal to submit makes an appeal to force necessary. Even the best and most temperate ruler bears the sword, and must not bear it in vain.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man acts energetically with the use of arms, when necessary, in correcting those who do not submit. Even in severity, however, he retains a considerate demeanor, which attracts devoted followers.
Wing: Despite the mild balance that is reached in Moderation, it may be necessary to take forceful action to accomplish your aims. This should not be done with a boastful display of power but with firm, decisive, and objective action. There will be improvement in whatever you undertake.
Editor: Legge's translation differs from the others, stating that one obtains allies from a position of poverty or relative weakness. Wilhelm, Blofeld and Liu all warn about not touting one's wealth (advantage, strength) to one's neighbors -- using them as allies is not specifically mentioned. On the other hand, Ritsema/
Karcher say: "Not affluence: using one's neighbor...” Implicit is the idea that you are in a strong position and needn't belabor the point. The "force of arms” is the use of power, and here we have one able to exercise power through a possible alliance with others like herself (neighbors are peers). Psychologically, it suggests an ego able to discipline and unite most of its inner forces in the furtherance of the Work: one summons up an alliance of power to tame recalcitrant elements within the psyche. If this is the only changing line, the hexagram becomes #39, Obstruction (Impasse) the corresponding line of which portrays the arrival of “friends” (allies), thus reinforcing the concept of obtaining some kind of assistance in the matter at hand.
Only a unified personality can experience life, not that personality which is split up into partial aspects, that bundle of odds and ends which also calls itself "man." Jung --Psychology and Alchemy
A. Do what needs to be done without making a big deal out of it.
B. Image of a proper alliance of forces able to correct the situation without exceeding the mean. A temperate attitude is not inconsistent with the maintenance of strict discipline.
C. “The force of arms” = self-discipline. Pull yourself together to harmonize recalcitrant forces within the psyche.
5 Attente
Autres titres : Nourriture, Inaction Calculée, Attention, Attendre Son Heure, Nourriture par l'Inaction, Attendre la Nourriture, Humidifié, "Attendre avec l'assurance qu'une bénédiction viendra." -- D.F. Hook
Jugement
Legge :Attendre signifie qu'avec sincérité et fermeté, il y aura un succès brillant et une bonne fortune. Il sera avantageux de traverser le grand fleuve.
Wilhelm/Baynes :Attendre. Si vous êtes sincère, vous avez lumière et succès. La persévérance apporte la bonne fortune. Il est bénéfique de traverser la grande eau.
Blofeld : Inaction calculée (ou montrer le pouvoir d'attendre) et la confiance des autres remportent un succès brillant. La persistance juste apporte la bonne fortune. Il sera avantageux de traverser le grand fleuve (ou la mer). [La signification de cet hexagramme est que l'inaction en attendant l'issue des événements nous permettra d'éviter un danger qui menace actuellement. La fermeté, la clarté d'esprit et le succès à gagner la confiance des autres sont maintenant exigés de nous ; avec eux, nos entreprises prospéreront. De plus, cette période d'inaction est un bon moment pour entreprendre un voyage ou pour se détendre et profiter.]
Liu : Attendre.Si vous êtes sincère, vous aurez gloire (lumière) et succès. Continuer mène à la bonne fortune. Il est bénéfique de traverser la grande eau (voyager vers des lieux éloignés).
Ritsema/Karcher : Attention, possédant la conformité. Éclatant Croissance, Épreuve : significatif. Récolter : traverser le Grand Fleuve. (Éditeur : "Possédant la conformité" est traduit par : ... "L'intérieur et l'extérieur sont en accord ; la confiance des esprits a été capturée...") [Cet hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes d'être contraint d'attendre et de servir quelque chose. Il souligne que fixer votre attention sur ce qui est requis tout en attendant soigneusement le bon moment pour agir est la manière adéquate de le gérer. Pour être en accord avec le temps, on vous dit : attention !]
Shaughnessy : Humidifié : Il y a un retour, réception radieuse ; la détermination est de bon augure ; bénéfique de traverser le grand fleuve.
Cleary (1) : Dans Attendre il y a sincérité et grand développement. Il est bon d'être correct. Il est bénéfique de traverser un grand fleuve.
Cleary (2) :Attendre avec véracité éclaire le succès dans une orientation correcte vers le bien. Il est bénéfique de traverser un grand fleuve.
Wu : Attendre indique avoir confiance. C'est brillant et pénétrant et de bon augure d'être persévérant. Il sera avantageux de traverser le grand fleuve.
L'Image
Legge : L'image des nuages montant dans le ciel forme Attendre. L'homme supérieur, en accord avec cela, mange et boit, festoie et se réjouit comme s'il n'avait rien d'autre à faire.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Les nuages montent au ciel : l'image de Attendre. Ainsi l'homme supérieur mange et boit, est joyeux et de bonne humeur.
Blofeld : Cet hexagramme symbolise les nuages montant au zénith -- inactivité ! L'Homme Supérieur passera ce temps en festoyant et en se réjouissant.
Liu : Les nuages montent dans le ciel ; cela symbolise Attendre. L'homme supérieur apprécie sa nourriture et sa boisson. Il reste détendu et heureux.
Ritsema/Karcher : Au-dessus des nuages par rapport au ciel. Attention. Un chun tzu utilise boire [et] prendre pour se reposer en se réjouissant.
Cleary (1) : Les nuages montent au ciel, attendre. La personne supérieure se réjouit avec nourriture et boisson.
Wu : Les nuages montent au ciel ; c'est Attendre. Ainsi le jun zi apprécie la nourriture et la paix.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge : Attendre montre un péril devant, mais son sujet ne se laisse pas entraîner dans le défilé dangereux. Le succès dans la sincérité et la bonne fortune dans la fermeté sont montrés par la position de la cinquième ligne qui est correctement située à la place centrale assignée par le Ciel. Traverser le grand fleuve sera suivi d'une réalisation méritoire.
Legge : Attendre est composé du trigramme inférieur de la force et du trigramme supérieur du péril. La force confrontée au péril pourrait être attendue pour avancer audacieusement et y faire face immédiatement, mais la leçon de l'hexagramme est qu'il est plus sage d'attendre jusqu'à ce que le succès soit assuré. Dans la situation actuelle, la fermeté correcte est tout ce qui est requis pour une victoire éventuelle.
"Traverser le grand fleuve" est une expression fréquente dans le I Ching qui symbolise l'entreprise d'entreprises hasardeuses, ou la rencontre de grandes difficultés. Historiquement, cela se réfère au fleuve Jaune que les seigneurs de Chou devaient traverser dans leur révolution contre les tyrans de la dynastie Yin. La traversée effectuée par le roi Wu en 1122 av. J.-C. fut l'un des plus grands exploits de l'histoire de la Chine, et fut précédée d'une longue période d'attente jusqu'à ce que le succès puisse être assuré.
Concernant l'Image, il est dit que le nuage qui est monté au sommet du ciel n'a rien d'autre à faire qu'attendre jusqu'à ce que l'harmonie du ciel et de la terre exige qu'il décharge son stock de pluie. L'homme supérieur est de même conseillé de profiter de son temps libre en attendant le bon moment pour faire face au danger approchant.
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : La force face au danger consiste ici en la volonté de rester en place et de ne rien faire.
L'Homme Supérieur continue comme si de rien n'était, et se nourrit par l'inaction.
Il existe de nombreux types de courage -- peut-être le plus grand de tous est-il le courage de rester inébranlablement en place lorsque toutes les circonstances semblent crier à l'action. Il faut bien plus de courage pour attendre que le dragon vienne lentement à vous que de se précipiter et de l'attaquer dans son antre. En tant que stratégie, attendre plus longtemps que votre adversaire par pure volonté et force intérieure peut être plus efficace qu'une attaque directe -- mais cela ne peut réussir que lorsque vous êtes vraiment fort. C'est comme si la véritable bataille se déroulait sur les plans intérieurs, et le premier à agir dans le monde concède ainsi la défaite.
Une très grande partie du Travail consiste à se discipliner à attendre -- à ne prendre aucune action jusqu'à un moment indéfini dans le futur. C'est extrêmement difficile à faire, et crée des tensions incroyables au sein de la psyché -- ce qui est exactement pourquoi c'est nécessaire. Psychologiquement, "traverser le grand fleuve" consiste à soumettre tous les instincts, pulsions et émotions autonomes qui ont l'habitude de répondre chaque fois qu'ils sont stimulés. Tant que l'attente crée des sentiments de stress, vous pouvez être sûr que la bataille n'est pas gagnée. Lorsque vous pouvez attendre comme l'homme supérieur -- comme s'il n'y avait rien d'autre à faire, alors vous pouvez vous permettre d'espérer que vous progressez.
Se nourrir par l'inaction consiste à digérer et à absorber l'énergie de ses réponses instinctives. Comme dans toute assimilation nourrissante, leur force devient alors votre force. Le véritable adepte est celui qui a digéré toute sa passion et est ainsi habilité à l'utiliser à ses propres fins. Au lieu de s'engager dans une guerre civile, il a uni ses forces pour agir dans le monde.
La tradition dit que Moïse n'a pas érigé le Tabernacle immédiatement, mais a attendu trois mois, malgré le fait que le peuple voulait le dédier immédiatement. Cela répète une leçon de patience concernant les affaires de l'esprit. Car au lieu d'accepter la parole de leur Enseignant, qui transmettait la volonté de Dieu, les Israélites ont cherché à imposer leur propre volonté sur ce qu'ils avaient fait ... Ce phénomène n'est pas inconnu parmi ceux qui ne peuvent pas attendre, ce qui est une partie vitale de la formation ésotérique. Malheureusement, il doit être démontré encore et encore que le timing d'un événement spirituel dépend d'un calendrier cosmique, et non de la volonté de l'individu. Z.B.S. Halevi -- Kabbale et Exode