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Modestie15
Adoptez l'humilité et l'équilibre ; laissez la modestie guider vos actions pour un progrès harmonieux.
↓ Line 2
Lorsque la modestie s'exprime naturellement, elle conduit à des résultats positifs et à un succès durable.
↓ Line 4
La modestie dans l'action est toujours bénéfique et conduit au progrès.
↓ Line 6
Lorsque la modestie est évidente, il est approprié de prendre des mesures décisives pour corriger les problèmes internes et améliorer la communauté.
↓ Le Chaudron50
La transformation et la nutrition conduisent à un changement intérieur et extérieur. Accueillez le renouveau en vous débarrassant de l'ancien et en raffinant le nouveau.
Lectures originales
15 Modestie
Other titles: Modesty, The Symbol of Humility, Moderation, Humbling, Respectful/Humble, Yielding/Retiring. 1. Obtaining this hexagram implies that modesty is needed in our attitude, meaning, to allow ourself to be led without resistance. – C.K. Anthony. 2. A Humble or modest person is thought of as having an “empty or unoccupied” mind, meaning a mind without prejudice. – Chung Wu. 3. Only superior people who practice Tao know where to stop, disregard what they have and appear to have nothing. – T. Cleary.
Judgment
Legge:Temperance indicates successful progress. Temperancebrings a good issue to the superior man's undertakings.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty creates success. The superior man carries things through.
Blofeld:Modesty brings success. The Superior Man is able to carry affairs through to completion.
Liu: Modesty: success. The superior man can continue to work to the end.
Ritsema/Karcher: Humbling, Growing. A chun tzu possesses completing. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of the necessity to cut through pride and complication. It emphasizes that keeping your words unpretentious is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Modesty: Receipt; the gentleman has an end.
Cleary (1):Humility is developmental. The superior person has a conclusion.
Cleary (2):Humility gets through. A leader has a conclusion.
Wu:Humility is pervasive. The jun zi will have grace in death.
The Image
Legge: A mountain hidden within the earth -- the image of Temperance. The superior man, in accordance with this, diminishes his excesses to augment his insufficiencies, thus creating a just balance.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Within the earth, a mountain: the image of Modesty. Thus the superior man reduces that which is too much, and augments that which is too little. He weighs things and makes them equal.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes a mountain in the centre of the earth. The Superior Man takes from where there is too much in order to augment what is too little. He weighs things and apportions them fairly. [The component trigrams symbolize a mountain surrounded by flat earth, thus suggesting too much in one place and too little in others.]
Liu: The mountain within the earth symbolizes modesty. The superior man reduces the excess and increases the lacking; he weighs and then equalizes all things.
Ritsema/Karcher: Earth center possessing mountain. Humbling. A chun tzu uses reducing the numerous to augment the few. A chun tzu uses evaluating beings to even spreading-out.
Cleary (1): There are mountains in the earth; modesty. Thus does the superior person decrease the abundant and add to the scarce, assessing things and dealing impartially.
Cleary (2): … Leaders assess people and give impartially, by taking from the abundant and adding to the scarce.
Wu: There is a mountain inside earth; this is Humility. Thus the jun zi takes excess from the more to enrich the less and measures goods to ensure fair distribution. [To prepare oneself to accept what is fair among all his fellow men is the essence of humility.]
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: It is the way of heaven to dispense its blessings downwards, and the way of earth to radiate its influence upwards. Both heaven and earth diminish the full to augment the lowly. Spiritual beings inflict calamity on the proud and bless the meek, and men resent ostentation and love temperance. Temperanceenlightens an honorable office, and neither will men ignore it in lowly positions. Thus does the superior man attain his ends. [Emphasis editor's -- Ritsema/Karcher translate "spiritual beings" [Kuei Shen] as: "The whole range of imaginal beings both inside and outside the individual; spiritual powers, gods, demons, ghosts, powers, fetishes.”]
Legge: An essay on temperance rightly follows that on abundant possessions. The third line, dynamic among five magnetic lines, in the topmost place of the trigram of Keeping Still, is the ruler of the hexagram. He is the representative of Temperance -- strong, but self-effacing. The idea is that temperance is the way to permanent success.
The Confucian commentary deals generally with the subject of temperance, showing how it is valued by heaven and earth, by spirits and by men. The descent of the heavenly influences, and the low position of the earth are both symbolic of temperance. The heavenly influences are seen in the daily fluctuations of the sun and moon, and the fertility of the earth correspondingly waxes and wanes with the seasons.
The Daily Lecture says:"The five yin lines above and below symbolize the earth; the one yang line in the center is the mountain in the midst of the earth. The many yin lines represent men's desires; the one yang line represents the heavenly principle. The superior man, looking at this symbolism, diminishes the multitude of human desires within him, and increases the single shoot of the heavenly principle; so does he become grandly just, and can deal with all things evenly according to the nature of each. In whatever circumstances or place he is, he will do what is right.”
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Temperance means maintaining a dynamic/magnetic balance of forces to attain success.
The Superior Man maintains equilibrium in all that he does.
The most common translation of the title for this hexagram is Modesty, but I have chosen Temperance as a title more expressive of the ideas in the Image and Confucian commentary. The words “modesty” and “humility” often carry a connotation of weakness in western usage, and “temperance,” meaning to temper or regulate, is more expressive of the dynamic strength of will required to restrain and modulate the drive to dominate every situation.
The Image shows a mountain hidden beneath the earth--the quiet, invincible power of sheer will is hidden from view, yet it influences everything. Who observing such a level surface would know that the bulk of Mt. Everest was buried beneath it? Temperance means that one's power is hidden, that the fluctuations of heaven and earth are kept in such dynamic/magnetic balance as to be invisible to ordinary vision. The temperate person is strong enough to bear the weight of the world when that is necessary for the Work.
Marcus Aurelius, the Stoic Roman Emperor, was arguably the most powerful man of his time, yet his temperance and modesty showed him to fulfill the ideal of the superior man. Only the truly strong can be truly modest.
And let this truth be present to thee in the excitement of anger, that to be moved by passion is not manly, but that mildness and gentleness, as they are more agreeable to human nature, so also are they more manly; and he who possesses these qualities possesses strength, nerves and courage, and not the man who is subject to fits of passion and discontent. For in the same degree in which a man's mind is nearer to freedom from all passion, in the same degree also is it nearer to strength. Marcus Aurelius
Line 2
Legge: The second line, magnetic, shows us temperance that has made itself recognized. With firm correctness there will be good fortune.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty that comes to expression. Perseverance brings good fortune.
Blofeld: Modestly crows the cock. Righteous persistence brings good fortune.
Liu: Modesty is expressed. Continuing brings good fortune.
Shaughnessy: Calling modesty; determination is auspicious.
Cleary (1): Expressing humility is upright and good.
Cleary (2): Expressing humility is good if correct.
Wu: The subject rolls about humility. With perseverance there will be auspiciousness.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She has the virtue in the core of her heart. Wilhelm/ Baynes: He has it in the depths of his heart. Blofeld: The cry reaches the depths of our hearts. Ritsema/Karcher: Centering the heart acquiring indeed. Cleary (2): Good if correct in the sense of attainment of the heart. Wu: Because it comes from the heart.
Legge: Line two is magnetic, central, and in her proper place. She represents temperance that has "crowed” -- that is, has proclaimed itself.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Modesty is at the core of the man's being and reveals itself in his outward behavior.
Wing: By maintaining a careful inner Moderation, your outward actions gain influence and weight. You will now be entrusted with responsibilities. A thoroughness in your actions brings good fortune.
Editor: Temperance that "crows” seems to be a contradiction in terms; nevertheless, the image suggests the expression of temperance in one's behavior. A certain sacrifice of autonomy is implied.
The greater you are, the more you should behave humbly, and then you will find favor with the Lord. Ecclesiasticus 3: 19
A. Submit to the requirements of the time.
B. "Modesty is the best policy."
C. Show a little temperance in your behavior, or maintain your temperate attitude.
Line 4
Legge: The fourth line, magnetic, shows one whose action would be in every way advantageous, stirring up the more her temperance.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Nothing that would not further modesty in movement.
Blofeld: Everything will be propitious for those who cultivate modesty.
Liu: To act with modesty is beneficial toward everything.
Ritsema/Karcher: Without not Harvesting, demonstrating Humbling.
Shaughnessy: There is nothing not beneficial. False modesty.
Cleary (1): Beneficial to all, extending humility.
Cleary (2): Beneficial to all, the exercise of humility.
Wu: Promoting humility is nothing but advantageous.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: In doing this she does not act contrary to the proper rule. Wilhelm/Baynes: He does not overstep the rule. Blofeld: This involves no departure from what is right. Ritsema/Karcher: Not contradicting by-consequence indeed. Cleary (2): This is the way it is supposed to be. Wu: Because it violates no principle.
Legge: Line four is magnetic and in her proper place. She is sure to be successful and prosperous, but being so near the fifth-line ruler she should still use the greatest precaution. The "proper rule” is the rule proper for her in her circumstances so near the place of the ruler.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man maintains his modesty in the proper perspective. He does not avoid his responsibilities, abuse the ruler's confidence, or conceal the subordinate's merit.
Wing: Once the balance of true Moderation is reached, it must be continually maintained. This does not mean simply maintaining the form of Moderation, but continuing to cultivate equilibrium in your character and a sense of responsibility toward your society.
Editor: An unambiguous image of temperate action.
Modesty and humility are not signs of an inferiority complex. They are highly estimable, indeed admirable virtues and not complexes. They prove that their fortunate possessor is not a presumptuous fool but knows his limitations, and will therefore never stumble beyond the bounds of humanity, dazzled and intoxicated by his imagined greatness. Jung -- Depth Psychology and Self-Knowledge
A. Advance the Work through temperate, well-considered action, without exceeding your authority.
Line 6
Legge: The sixth line, magnetic, shows us temperance that has made itself recognized. The subject of it will with advantage put her army in motion, but she will only punish her own towns and state.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty that comes to expression. It is favorable to set armies marching to chastise one's own city and one's country.
Blofeld: Modestly crows the cock. Now is the time to set armies marching to subdue the cities and the countries of the empire.
Liu: Modesty is expressed. It is favorable to use the army to chastise the city and country.
Ritsema/Karcher: Calling Humbling. Harvesting: availing-of moving legions. Chastising the capital city.
Shaughnessy: Calling modesty; beneficial herewith to move troops to campaign against city and state.
Cleary (1): Trumpeting humility, it is profitable to use the army to conquer one’s land.
Cleary (2): Expressing humility, one profits from military operations attacking the country.
Wu: The subject rolls about humility. It will be advantageous to use the armies to chasten the seditious state.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: All her aims have not yet been attained. She may employ the force of arms only to correct her own towns and state. Wilhelm/ Baynes: The purpose is not yet attained. Blofeld: Because the ruler's will has yet to be carried out, it is proper to do so. [This omen can be taken to indicate that we can afford to go forward boldly with our plans, but only if their fruition will tally with the general good. "The ruler's will” in this case is roughly synonymous with the public good.] Ritsema/Karcher: Purpose not-yet acquired indeed. Permitting availing-of moving legions. Chastising the capital city indeed. Cleary (2): The aspiration has not been attained. Wu: His aspirations have not been fulfilled … The purpose is to chasten the seditious state.
Legge: The subject of the magnetic sixth line is outside a game that has been played out. She will use force, but only within her own sphere and to assert what is right. She will not be aggressive. Chu Hsi bases all that is said under line six on its being a magnetic line, so that the temperate ruler is unable even at the close of the action to accomplish all her objects, and must limit her field even in appealing to arms.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Even though the man's probity is recognized, his aims are not yet achieved. True modesty begins by disciplining one's own ego and the character of one's immediate circle, without being aggressive beyond.
Wing: Your inner development is not yet complete. The time calls for self-discipline. When difficulties arise, do not place the blame upon others. Once you begin to take responsibility for your own destiny you can bring order to your environment.
Editor: The ruler uses force to attain order in both this and the previous line, but here her influence is confined to immediate objectives. Temperance in this instance is expressed in her awareness of a lack of wholeness in the matter at hand, and of her own limitations in being able to effect completion. Psychologically, to "punish your own towns and state:” is to confine your action to the proper discipline of inner responses: emotions, drives, temptations, etc.
Better an equable man than a hero, a man master of himself than one who takes a city. Proverbs 16: 32
A. Recognize the limitations inherent in the situation and confine your action to objectives within your own sphere of control.
B. A modest, although incomplete, achievement. Confine your activity to controlling personal responses.
C. Don't get carried away with a modest achievement.
D. Set your house in order one step at a time.
50 Le Chaudron
Autres titres : Le Chaudron, Le Récipient, Réjuvénation, Ordre Cosmique, Le Récipient Alchimique, "Une transformation complète d'une personne ou d'une circonstance." -- D.F. Hook
Jugement
Legge : Le Récipient Sacrificiel signifie un grand progrès et succès.
Blofeld : Un Récipient Sacrificiel -- succès suprême !
Liu :Le Chaudron. Grande bonne fortune. Succès.
Ritsema/Karcher :Le Récipient, Printemps significatif. Croissance. [Cet hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de la capacité imaginative d'un récipient sacré. Il souligne que sécuriser et transformer de manière imaginative le matériel à disposition est la manière adéquate de le gérer. Pour être en accord avec le temps, on vous dit de : tenir et transformer les choses dans le récipient !]
Shaughnessy :Le Chaudron : Prime auspiciousness; réception.
Cleary (1) :Le chaudron est fondamentalement bon ; il est en développement.
Cleary (2) :Le Chaudron est très favorablement en développement.
Wu :Le Chaudron indique une grande auspiciousness et une pervasiveness.
L'Image
Legge : Du bois sous un feu -- l'image d'un Récipient Sacrificiel. L'homme supérieur maintient sa rectitude dans chaque situation pour sécuriser la nomination du ciel.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Feu sur bois : l'image du Chaudron. Ainsi l'homme supérieur consolide son destin en rendant sa position correcte.
Blofeld : Cet hexagramme symbolise le feu sur le bois. L'Homme Supérieur, prenant sa position comme l'exige la droiture, adhère fermement aux décrets du ciel.
Liu : Le feu au-dessus du bois symbolise le Chaudron. L'homme supérieur rend son destin ferme avec une position correcte.
Ritsema/Karcher : Au-dessus du bois possédant le feu. Le Récipient. Un chun tzu utilise la correction de la situation pour solidifier le destin.
Cleary (1) : Il y a du feu sur le bois ; un chaudron. Ainsi les personnes supérieures stabilisent la vie dans la position correcte.
Cleary (2) : Feu sur bois -- Le Chaudron. Les leaders stabilisent leur mandat en corrigeant leur position.
Wu : Il y a du feu sur le bois ; c'est Le Chaudron. Ainsi le jun zi rectifie sa position et consacre le mandat.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge : L'image du Récipient Sacrificiel nous montre du bois entrant dans un feu, ce qui suggère l'idée de cuisiner. Les sages cuisinaient leurs sacrifices à Dieu et nourrissaient leurs ministres capables avec des festins. Nous avons les trigrammes de l'Obéissance Flexible et de l'Intelligence Rapide, avec la ligne magnétique avancée à la place du dirigeant et répondue par son corrélat dynamique en dessous. Toutes ces choses donnent l'auspice d'un progrès réussi.
Legge : Le caractère chinois écrit pour Récipient Sacrificiel représente un chaudron à trois pieds et deux "oreilles" utilisé pour cuisiner et préparer la nourriture pour la table et l'autel. L'hexagramme représente ce récipient -- la première ligne divisée représente les pieds, les trois lignes non divisées au-dessus représentent le corps, la cinquième ligne divisée montre les oreilles (ou anneaux de transport), et la ligne supérieure est la poignée par laquelle le récipient est transporté ou suspendu à un crochet.
La leçon de l'hexagramme est que le nourrissement des hommes de talent et de vertu indique un grand progrès et succès. Les éditeurs de K'ang-hsi soulignent que la distinction entre l'hexagramme numéro quarante-huit, Le Puits, et celui-ci est la différence entre le nourrissement des gens en général et le nourrissement spécifique des hommes dignes. Ils ajoutent que la réalité du sacrifice est nourrissante à cet égard.
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : Vous êtes le Récipient Sacrificiel.
L'Homme Supérieur adhère aux principes du Travail pour atteindre la transcendance.
Le nom habituel de cet hexagramme est Le Chaudron -- spécifiquement, un type de récipient contenant de la nourriture qui était utilisé dans la Chine ancienne pour les sacrifices religieux. Je préfère le titre de Blofeld de Récipient Sacrificiel comme plus évocateur des idées présentées dans la figure.
Lorsque le quarante-neuvième hexagramme de Transformation est retourné, il devient le cinquantième hexagramme du Récipient Sacrificiel, nous donnant ainsi des aperçus précieux des nuances de signification dans chacune des figures. Les idées combinées de transformation et d'un chaudron utilisé pour les sacrifices nous rappellent le récipient alchimique ou le réacteur qui "cuisait" son contenu et le transformait en un état supérieur de matière -- transformait le plomb en or dans la conception populaire. Bien sûr, le véritable but ésotérique de l'alchimiste était psychologique, non physique.
Le récipient des alchimistes, comme le cercle de la psyché et le mandala, doit être fermé si le processus de transformation doit se dérouler de manière satisfaisante. Pour les alchimistes, le processus se déroulait dans les substances matérielles collectées dans le réacteur. Pour nous, c'est un symbole représentant un processus similaire se déroulant à l'intérieur de la psyché. Ainsi, il est dit qu'un mur doit être solidement construit autour de la psyché avant que la réconciliation des opposés puisse avoir lieu en elle, et avant que le nouveau centre de l'individu puisse être créé. ... Car si quelque chose est perdu, le processus est annulé et le produit final sera incomplet, imparfait. Tant que, par exemple, l'individu continue de projeter ses déficiences, ou ses valeurs, sur les circonstances ou sur un autre, il n'a pas un récipient imperméable ... Ainsi, les contenus essentiellement impliqués dans la transformation sont vus comme étant les facteurs irrationnels, instinctuels, pas encore humains de la psyché, le non-moi. Les facteurs humains et civilisés, ceux soumis à la volonté, constituent le mur du récipient. M.E. Harding -- Énergie Psychique
Maintenant, un ancien chaudron chinois utilisé pour contenir de la nourriture destinée aux sacrifices religieux n'est pas la même chose qu'un réacteur alchimique hermétiquement scellé fait pour résister à des pressions extrêmes, mais symboliquement, ce sont des images identiques. L'ego sacrifie son autonomie pour le bien du Travail de la même manière que l'alchimiste consacre toute sa vie à la transformation du métal de base en or -- c'est-à-dire, pour transformer sa psyché en suivant la discipline extrême du Travail. Le Taoist I-Ching de Thomas Cleary nous dit explicitement que c'est le sens voulu ici :
Le travail de raffinement est le moyen de sublimer l'énergie terrestre et de stabiliser l'énergie céleste, faisant mûrir le brut et renouveler l'ancien, par lequel il est possible d'illuminer l'esprit et de solidifier la vie. Par conséquent, le chaudron est fondamentalement bon et il a un chemin de développement. La base est le potentiel de vie éternelle de la bonté ; la cuisson du grand médicament dans le chaudron est l'allumage de ce potentiel vivant pour le rendre incorruptible et permanent. Mais dans ce chemin, il y a un processus et une procédure ; même la moindre déviation et l'élixir d'or ne se formera pas. Par conséquent, les gens doivent d'abord enquêter à fond sur le véritable principe. Liu I-ming
SUGGESTIONS POUR LA MÉDITATION
Dans son commentaire, Legge mentionne que les Chinois voient une analogie entre cette figure et l'hexagramme numéro quarante-huit, Le Puits. Comparez les deux figures, en notant les similitudes entre les première, troisième, cinquième et sixième lignes. Les trigrammes composants du Récipient Sacrificiel apparaissent en séquence inverse dans l'hexagramme numéro trente-sept, Famille. Quelles autres similitudes y a-t-il dans les deux figures ? Comment l'idée d'une famille est-elle analogue à l'idée d'un récipient sacrificiel ?