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Modestie15
Adoptez l'humilité et l'équilibre ; laissez la modestie guider vos actions pour un progrès harmonieux.
↓ Line 1
La véritable modestie n'est pas autoconsciente. Elle permet d'entreprendre de grandes tâches avec confiance et succès.
↓ Line 3
Une personne qui allie modestie et compétence peut accomplir de grandes choses et mener des projets à bien.
↓ Line 4
La modestie dans l'action est toujours bénéfique et conduit au progrès.
↓ Shock51
Sudden change or shock, like thunder, that can jolt you awake. Embrace the disruption as an opportunity for growth, respond calmly, and align your actions with the new reality.
Lectures originales
15 Modestie
Other titles: Modesty, The Symbol of Humility, Moderation, Humbling, Respectful/Humble, Yielding/Retiring. 1. Obtaining this hexagram implies that modesty is needed in our attitude, meaning, to allow ourself to be led without resistance. – C.K. Anthony. 2. A Humble or modest person is thought of as having an “empty or unoccupied” mind, meaning a mind without prejudice. – Chung Wu. 3. Only superior people who practice Tao know where to stop, disregard what they have and appear to have nothing. – T. Cleary.
Judgment
Legge:Temperance indicates successful progress. Temperancebrings a good issue to the superior man's undertakings.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty creates success. The superior man carries things through.
Blofeld:Modesty brings success. The Superior Man is able to carry affairs through to completion.
Liu: Modesty: success. The superior man can continue to work to the end.
Ritsema/Karcher: Humbling, Growing. A chun tzu possesses completing. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of the necessity to cut through pride and complication. It emphasizes that keeping your words unpretentious is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Modesty: Receipt; the gentleman has an end.
Cleary (1):Humility is developmental. The superior person has a conclusion.
Cleary (2):Humility gets through. A leader has a conclusion.
Wu:Humility is pervasive. The jun zi will have grace in death.
The Image
Legge: A mountain hidden within the earth -- the image of Temperance. The superior man, in accordance with this, diminishes his excesses to augment his insufficiencies, thus creating a just balance.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Within the earth, a mountain: the image of Modesty. Thus the superior man reduces that which is too much, and augments that which is too little. He weighs things and makes them equal.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes a mountain in the centre of the earth. The Superior Man takes from where there is too much in order to augment what is too little. He weighs things and apportions them fairly. [The component trigrams symbolize a mountain surrounded by flat earth, thus suggesting too much in one place and too little in others.]
Liu: The mountain within the earth symbolizes modesty. The superior man reduces the excess and increases the lacking; he weighs and then equalizes all things.
Ritsema/Karcher: Earth center possessing mountain. Humbling. A chun tzu uses reducing the numerous to augment the few. A chun tzu uses evaluating beings to even spreading-out.
Cleary (1): There are mountains in the earth; modesty. Thus does the superior person decrease the abundant and add to the scarce, assessing things and dealing impartially.
Cleary (2): … Leaders assess people and give impartially, by taking from the abundant and adding to the scarce.
Wu: There is a mountain inside earth; this is Humility. Thus the jun zi takes excess from the more to enrich the less and measures goods to ensure fair distribution. [To prepare oneself to accept what is fair among all his fellow men is the essence of humility.]
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: It is the way of heaven to dispense its blessings downwards, and the way of earth to radiate its influence upwards. Both heaven and earth diminish the full to augment the lowly. Spiritual beings inflict calamity on the proud and bless the meek, and men resent ostentation and love temperance. Temperanceenlightens an honorable office, and neither will men ignore it in lowly positions. Thus does the superior man attain his ends. [Emphasis editor's -- Ritsema/Karcher translate "spiritual beings" [Kuei Shen] as: "The whole range of imaginal beings both inside and outside the individual; spiritual powers, gods, demons, ghosts, powers, fetishes.”]
Legge: An essay on temperance rightly follows that on abundant possessions. The third line, dynamic among five magnetic lines, in the topmost place of the trigram of Keeping Still, is the ruler of the hexagram. He is the representative of Temperance -- strong, but self-effacing. The idea is that temperance is the way to permanent success.
The Confucian commentary deals generally with the subject of temperance, showing how it is valued by heaven and earth, by spirits and by men. The descent of the heavenly influences, and the low position of the earth are both symbolic of temperance. The heavenly influences are seen in the daily fluctuations of the sun and moon, and the fertility of the earth correspondingly waxes and wanes with the seasons.
The Daily Lecture says:"The five yin lines above and below symbolize the earth; the one yang line in the center is the mountain in the midst of the earth. The many yin lines represent men's desires; the one yang line represents the heavenly principle. The superior man, looking at this symbolism, diminishes the multitude of human desires within him, and increases the single shoot of the heavenly principle; so does he become grandly just, and can deal with all things evenly according to the nature of each. In whatever circumstances or place he is, he will do what is right.”
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Temperance means maintaining a dynamic/magnetic balance of forces to attain success.
The Superior Man maintains equilibrium in all that he does.
The most common translation of the title for this hexagram is Modesty, but I have chosen Temperance as a title more expressive of the ideas in the Image and Confucian commentary. The words “modesty” and “humility” often carry a connotation of weakness in western usage, and “temperance,” meaning to temper or regulate, is more expressive of the dynamic strength of will required to restrain and modulate the drive to dominate every situation.
The Image shows a mountain hidden beneath the earth--the quiet, invincible power of sheer will is hidden from view, yet it influences everything. Who observing such a level surface would know that the bulk of Mt. Everest was buried beneath it? Temperance means that one's power is hidden, that the fluctuations of heaven and earth are kept in such dynamic/magnetic balance as to be invisible to ordinary vision. The temperate person is strong enough to bear the weight of the world when that is necessary for the Work.
Marcus Aurelius, the Stoic Roman Emperor, was arguably the most powerful man of his time, yet his temperance and modesty showed him to fulfill the ideal of the superior man. Only the truly strong can be truly modest.
And let this truth be present to thee in the excitement of anger, that to be moved by passion is not manly, but that mildness and gentleness, as they are more agreeable to human nature, so also are they more manly; and he who possesses these qualities possesses strength, nerves and courage, and not the man who is subject to fits of passion and discontent. For in the same degree in which a man's mind is nearer to freedom from all passion, in the same degree also is it nearer to strength. Marcus Aurelius
Line 1
Legge: The first line, magnetic, shows us the superior man who adds temperance to his temperance. Even the great stream may be crossed with this, and there will be good fortune.
Wilhelm/Baynes: A superior man modest about his modesty may cross the great water. Good fortune.
Blofeld: The Superior Man, ever modest and retiring, fords the great river -- good fortune! [Any journey undertaken at this time will bring good fortune.]
Liu: The superior man is modest in his modesty. It is favorable to cross the great water. Good fortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: Humbling, Humbling: chun tzu. Availing-of wading the Great River. Significant.
Shaughnessy: So modest is the gentleman; herewith ford the great river; auspicious.
Cleary (1): Humble about humility, the superior person thereby crosses great rivers. This is auspicious.
Cleary (2): Extreme humility. It is fortunate if leaders use this to cross great rivers.
Wu: Being humble about his humility, the jun zi can make use of this virtue to cross the big river. It will be auspicious.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The superior man who adds temperance to his temperance is one who nourishes his virtue in lowliness. Wilhelm/Baynes: The superior man is lowly in order to guard himself well. Blofeld: He shows humility in disciplining himself. Ritsema/Karcher: Lowliness uses originating-from herding indeed. Cleary (2): In extreme humility, leaders manage themselves with lowliness. Wu: The jun zi uses humility for self-discipline.
Legge: A magnetic line at the lowest place in the figure is the fitting symbol of the superior man adding temperance to his temperance. The phrase "nourishes his virtue” in the Confucian commentary is literally: "pastures himself.” He is all temperance -- that is what makes him who he is.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: At the outset, the man retains his humility and does not press any claims. As a result he is free from challenges and does not encounter resistance. Difficult enterprises can be undertaken successfully.
Wing: If you can carry out your proposed endeavor quietly, competently, and thoroughly, without obvious announcements of your intentions, you can achieve even significant aims. With a modest and disciplined attitude, you do not create resistance or invite challenge.
Editor: Wilhelm translates the Confucian commentary in terms of lowliness as a technique of self-protection. Blofeld renders it as showing humility in one's self-discipline. Ritsema/Karcher render the verb MU, Herd, as: “tend cattle; watch over, superintend; ruler, teacher;” which recalls Legge's rendering of: "pastures himself.” The idea is to use the discipline of will to keep oneself under control. The line is conceptually a kind of "shadow” to line one of the following hexagram of Enthusiasm, which see. Sometimes it can have the meaning of "reserve” or "reservations,” as in "taking something with a grain of salt.”
The signs of one who is making progress are these: he censures no man, he praises no man, he blames no man, he accuses no man, he says nothing about himself as if he were somebody or knew something: when he is impeded at all or hindered, he blames himself ... he removes all desire from himself, and transfers aversion only to those things within his power which are contrary to nature: he employs a moderate movement towards every thing: whether he is considered foolish or ignorant, he cares not: and in a word he watches himself as if he were an enemy and lying in ambush. Epictetus
A. If you can maintain perspective, an advance is warranted.
B. A double portion of temperance: preserve your reserve, or your reservations about the matter at hand.
C. The ego undertakes responsibility for the Work with the full awareness that it is only the instrument of a higher intelligence within the psyche. This requires a servant's sense of reserve.
Line 3
Legge: The third line, dynamic, shows the superior man of acknowledged merit. He will maintain his success to the end, and have good fortune.
Wilhelm/Baynes: A superior man of modesty and merit carries things to conclusion. Good fortune.
Blofeld: The Superior Man, exceedingly hard-working yet modest, brings his affairs to fruition -- good fortune!
Liu: The superior man works in a modest way to conclusion. Good fortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: Toiling Humbling: chun tzu. Possessing completing significant.
Shaughnessy: Toiling modesty; the gentleman has an end; auspicious.
Cleary (1): Working with humility, the superior person has a conclusion. This bodes well.
Cleary (2): Leaders who work and achieve yet are humble have an auspicious conclusion.
Wu: Working hard toward humility, the jun zi will have grace in death. This will be auspicious.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The myriads of the people will submit to him. Wilhelm/ Baynes: All the people obey him. Blofeld: The people most willingly submit to him. Ritsema/Karcher: The myriad commoners submitting indeed. Cleary (2): The people submit to leaders who work and achieve yet are humble. Wu: Because he has the support of all the people.
The Master said:"He toils with success, but does not boast of it; he achieves merit, but takes no virtue to himself from it; this is the height of generous goodness, and speaks of the man who with great merit yet places himself below others. He wishes his virtue to be more and more respectful, he who is so modest, carrying his respectfulness to the utmost, will be able to preserve himself in his position.”
Legge: Line three is dynamic, and occupies his proper place. He is the lord of the hexagram, to whom all represented by the lines above and below turn.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man disregards his fame and acknowledged merit but toils on laboriously and unpretentiously. He is supported by all the people in bringing his works to a successful conclusion.
Wing: With an unwavering commitment and hard work, you gain honor and fame. Do not allow such recognition to lead you astray or put you in a compromising position. Maintaining the perseverance that brought you prominence will win you continued support. You can then bring your work to completion.
Editor: The key idea here is the notion of inferior elements submitting to a calmly devoted superior element. The inferior elements acknowledge their superior and willingly submit to him.
Plans for control of the evil forces that have been loosed in the world, attempts to compensate the evil- doing by good works or sympathy for the victims, efforts to safeguard the peace or to effect ideal solutions of all the material problems involved, can do little to change the nature of the situation. The real problem, namely, the question of what can be done for civilization in face of the nonhuman forces arising from the collective unconscious in thousands or rather millions of individual persons, will remain untouched. However, if only one human being has met and solved the problem in himself, he will be a living demonstration of a solution. Such an individual carries with him the germ of a renaissance of the spiritual values of mankind. M.E. Harding -- Psychic Energy
A. The ego fulfills its role by bringing disparate elements (emotions, desires, appetites, etc.) into willing compliance with the goals of the Work.
B. A strong stance inspires obedience.
Line 4
Legge: The fourth line, magnetic, shows one whose action would be in every way advantageous, stirring up the more her temperance.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Nothing that would not further modesty in movement.
Blofeld: Everything will be propitious for those who cultivate modesty.
Liu: To act with modesty is beneficial toward everything.
Ritsema/Karcher: Without not Harvesting, demonstrating Humbling.
Shaughnessy: There is nothing not beneficial. False modesty.
Cleary (1): Beneficial to all, extending humility.
Cleary (2): Beneficial to all, the exercise of humility.
Wu: Promoting humility is nothing but advantageous.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: In doing this she does not act contrary to the proper rule. Wilhelm/Baynes: He does not overstep the rule. Blofeld: This involves no departure from what is right. Ritsema/Karcher: Not contradicting by-consequence indeed. Cleary (2): This is the way it is supposed to be. Wu: Because it violates no principle.
Legge: Line four is magnetic and in her proper place. She is sure to be successful and prosperous, but being so near the fifth-line ruler she should still use the greatest precaution. The "proper rule” is the rule proper for her in her circumstances so near the place of the ruler.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man maintains his modesty in the proper perspective. He does not avoid his responsibilities, abuse the ruler's confidence, or conceal the subordinate's merit.
Wing: Once the balance of true Moderation is reached, it must be continually maintained. This does not mean simply maintaining the form of Moderation, but continuing to cultivate equilibrium in your character and a sense of responsibility toward your society.
Editor: An unambiguous image of temperate action.
Modesty and humility are not signs of an inferiority complex. They are highly estimable, indeed admirable virtues and not complexes. They prove that their fortunate possessor is not a presumptuous fool but knows his limitations, and will therefore never stumble beyond the bounds of humanity, dazzled and intoxicated by his imagined greatness. Jung -- Depth Psychology and Self-Knowledge
A. Advance the Work through temperate, well-considered action, without exceeding your authority.
51 Shock
Autres titres : L'Éveil, Le Tonnerre, Le Symbole du Mouvement Surprenant, Secousse, Le Début du Mouvement, Choc, Le Coup de Tonnerre, Action, Mouvement, Changement Soudain, Surprise ! "La nécessité de rester tranquille au milieu du bouleversement." -- D.F. Hook
Jugement
Legge :Choc suggère facilité et développement. Quand le moment du mouvement qu'il indique arrive, le sujet de l'hexagramme sera trouvé regardant avec appréhension, et pourtant souriant et parlant joyeusement. Quand le mouvement comme un coup de tonnerre terrifie tout dans un rayon de cent miles, il sera comme le fidèle adorateur qui n'est pas surpris au point de laisser tomber sa louche et sa coupe de spiritueux sacrificiels.
Wilhelm/Baynes :Choc apporte le succès. Le choc arrive -- oh, oh ! Mots rieurs -- ha, ha ! Le choc terrifie sur cent miles, et il ne laisse pas tomber la cuillère sacrificielle et le calice.
Blofeld : Tonnerre -- succès ! Le tonnerre arrive avec un bruit terrible, riant et criant avec une joie impressionnante et effrayant les gens sur cent miles à la ronde. Le vin sacrificiel n'est pas renversé. [Cela suggère que le détenteur du récipient sacrificiel n'est pas facilement alarmé ou bien qu'il est très sage et capable de distinguer entre ce qui semble dangereux et ce qui l'est vraiment.]
Liu : Tonnerre. Succès. Le tonnerre arrive -- ho ho ! Parlant et riant -- ha ha ! Il choque et terrifie sur cent miles. Mais on ne laisse pas tomber la cuillère ou le calice.
Ritsema/Karcher : Secousse, Croissance. Secousse arrivant : effrayant, effrayant. Mots rieurs, criant, criant. Secousse effrayant cent miles. Ne pas perdre la louche, la libation. [Cet hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes d'un choc perturbant et inspirant. Il souligne que réveiller les choses à une nouvelle activité, l'action de Secousse est la manière adéquate de la gérer. Pour être en accord avec le temps, on vous dit de : remuer les choses !]
Shaughnessy :Tonnerre : Réception ; le tonnerre arrive si renouvelant ; rires et discussions yaya ; le tonnerre alarme cent miles ; ne pas perdre la louche ou le gobelet.
Cleary (1) : Tonnerre est développemental. Quand le tonnerre arrive, il y a alarme, puis rire. Le tonnerre surprend sur cent miles, mais on ne perd pas la cuillère et le vin.
Cleary (2) :Tonnerre passe. Etc.
Wu :Mouvement indique la pénétration. Quand le Mouvementarrive, il effraie les gens. Plus tard, il fait parler et rire les gens. Sa majesté atteint cent li dans toutes les directions. Il n'y a pas de déplacement de la louche ou du vin sacrificiel.
L'Image
Legge : L'image du Tonnerre, étant répétée, forme Choc. L'homme supérieur, en accord avec cela, est craintif et appréhensif, cultive sa vertu, et examine ses fautes.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Tonnerre répété : l'image de Choc. Ainsi, dans la peur et le tremblement, l'homme supérieur met sa vie en ordre et s'examine.
Blofeld : Cet hexagramme symbolise le tonnerre continu. L'Homme Supérieur, dans la peur et le tremblement, cherche à s'améliorer.
Liu : Tonnerre doublé symbolise choc. L'homme supérieur se contemple avec peur et prudence.
Ritsema/Karcher : Tonnerre réitéré. Secousse. Un chun tzu utilise la peur anxieuse pour ajuster l'inspection.
Cleary (1) :Tonnerre voyageant réverbère. Ainsi, les personnes supérieures pratiquent l'introspection avec prudence.
Cleary (2) : Tonnerre répété réverbère.Les personnes développées pratiquent l'introspection avec prudence.
Wu : Un coup de tonnerre après l'autre constitue l'hexagramme Mouvement. Ainsi, le jun zi réfléchit et rectifie par peur de se tromper.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge : Son sentiment de crainte mène au bonheur car il est ainsi amené à adopter des lois appropriées pour lui-même. Le mouvement surprend les lointains et effraie les proches, pourtant il fait les sacrifices appropriés comme toujours.
Legge : Choc se compose du trigramme pour le Tonnerre doublé. (Ce trigramme représente également le Mouvement et le Fils Aîné.) L'hexagramme symbolise donc un coup ou un roulement de tonnerre, et combiné avec l'idée de mouvement montre un changement soudain se produisant dans le royaume. La leçon est la conduite à adopter en temps de changement soudain par une prise de conscience du danger et une régulation appropriée de soi-même.
Un résultat réussi est prédit si la première ligne dynamique peut être supérieure aux deux lignes magnétiques au-dessus de lui. Il est dans l'idée de l'hexagramme qu'il devrait être en mouvement et avancer. Bien qu'il soit conscient du danger, il est confiant et maître de lui-même -- à tel point qu'il peut accomplir calmement ses devoirs religieux pendant le chaos ambiant. C'est le comportement approprié pour le fils aîné, qui doit finalement assumer les devoirs de son père.
Anthony : Dans le I Chingle choc signifie être soumis à des événements déstabilisants. Cela signifie également percevoir et réagir à ces événements … percevoir, dans l'un de ces changements, qu'un nouvel ensemble de limites, ou de privations, a été placé sur notre vie, ce qui semble nous restreindre ou même nous pénaliser. Ce sentiment d'être projeté par les événements dans une sorte de piège émotionnel est ce que cet hexagramme appelle "Destin". La reconnaissance de ce destin, ou piège, et l'impératif – de trouver le moyen de s'en sortir – est l'un des objectifs du choc. En ce qui concerne le I Ching, il n'y a qu'une seule issue – subir un développement spirituel.
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : Pendant les changements soudains, ajustez votre rythme et avancez, en vous rappelant que bien que les conditions puissent changer, l'objectif reste le même.
L'Homme Supérieur vérifie ses prémisses, confronte ses points faibles et adhère aux règles et idéaux du Travail.
L'image ici est celle d'une libération soudaine et dramatique d'énergie, de puissance et de force. Recevoir cet hexagramme sans lignes changeantes peut se référer à presque n'importe quelle situation abrupte, surprenante ou inattendue. Parfois, c'est la façon dont l'oracle dit : "Surprise !” Cela peut aussi être une sorte de réprimande pour avoir posé une question stupide ou inappropriée -- l'oracle est "choqué” par votre témérité, ignorance, etc. Dans de tels cas, il y a souvent un élément d'humour ironique dans la situation -- généralement aux dépens de l'ego. Dans de rares occasions, il est possible de recevoir cet hexagramme comme un avertissement concernant un événement à venir qui n'a aucun rapport avec la question posée. Si vous recevez un tel oracle, soyez extrêmement vigilant – comme toujours, le conseil à l'homme supérieur dans l'Image suggère la bonne voie.
Un véritable test de dévouement au Travail est de maintenir sa volonté en toutes circonstances. Le monde peut s'effondrer autour de nous, mais l'adepte ne ruine pas la performance de son sacrifice : l'ego continue le Travail quelles que soient les conditions, et garde la tête froide en toutes circonstances.
N'aie pas peur de la terreur soudaine
ni de l'assaut des hommes méchants,
car Yahweh sera ton garant,
Il gardera tes pas du piège.
Proverbes 3: 25-26
Yahweh et le Christ sont tous deux ce que Jung appelle des "images de dieu” qui existent sous une forme ou une autre dans chaque psyché humaine, qu'elle soit consciemment religieuse ou non. L'image de dieu est synonyme du Soi, et l'implication de la citation ci-dessus de Proverbesest que tant que l'ego reste dévoué au Travail -- en termes de I Ching : "maintient le sacrifice” -- il est sous la protection du Soi.
L'Homme Parfait est semblable à un dieu. Bien que les grands marais s'embrasent, ils ne peuvent le brûler ; bien que les grands fleuves gèlent, ils ne peuvent le refroidir ; bien que la foudre rapide fende les collines et que les vents hurlants secouent la mer, ils ne peuvent l'effrayer. Un homme comme celui-ci chevauche les nuages et la brume, enfourche le soleil et la lune, et erre au-delà des quatre mers. Même la vie et la mort n'ont aucun effet sur lui, encore moins les règles du profit et de la perte ! Chuang Tzu