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Modestie15
Adoptez l'humilité et l'équilibre ; laissez la modestie guider vos actions pour un progrès harmonieux.
↓ Line 5
Évitez d'exhiber vos ressources. Utilisez-les plutôt de manière judicieuse et affirmée pour atteindre vos objectifs.
↓ Line 6
Lorsque la modestie est évidente, il est approprié de prendre des mesures décisives pour corriger les problèmes internes et améliorer la communauté.
↓ Development 53
Steady progress through gradual development.
Lectures originales
15 Modestie
Other titles: Modesty, The Symbol of Humility, Moderation, Humbling, Respectful/Humble, Yielding/Retiring. 1. Obtaining this hexagram implies that modesty is needed in our attitude, meaning, to allow ourself to be led without resistance. – C.K. Anthony. 2. A Humble or modest person is thought of as having an “empty or unoccupied” mind, meaning a mind without prejudice. – Chung Wu. 3. Only superior people who practice Tao know where to stop, disregard what they have and appear to have nothing. – T. Cleary.
Judgment
Legge:Temperance indicates successful progress. Temperancebrings a good issue to the superior man's undertakings.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty creates success. The superior man carries things through.
Blofeld:Modesty brings success. The Superior Man is able to carry affairs through to completion.
Liu: Modesty: success. The superior man can continue to work to the end.
Ritsema/Karcher: Humbling, Growing. A chun tzu possesses completing. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of the necessity to cut through pride and complication. It emphasizes that keeping your words unpretentious is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Modesty: Receipt; the gentleman has an end.
Cleary (1):Humility is developmental. The superior person has a conclusion.
Cleary (2):Humility gets through. A leader has a conclusion.
Wu:Humility is pervasive. The jun zi will have grace in death.
The Image
Legge: A mountain hidden within the earth -- the image of Temperance. The superior man, in accordance with this, diminishes his excesses to augment his insufficiencies, thus creating a just balance.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Within the earth, a mountain: the image of Modesty. Thus the superior man reduces that which is too much, and augments that which is too little. He weighs things and makes them equal.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes a mountain in the centre of the earth. The Superior Man takes from where there is too much in order to augment what is too little. He weighs things and apportions them fairly. [The component trigrams symbolize a mountain surrounded by flat earth, thus suggesting too much in one place and too little in others.]
Liu: The mountain within the earth symbolizes modesty. The superior man reduces the excess and increases the lacking; he weighs and then equalizes all things.
Ritsema/Karcher: Earth center possessing mountain. Humbling. A chun tzu uses reducing the numerous to augment the few. A chun tzu uses evaluating beings to even spreading-out.
Cleary (1): There are mountains in the earth; modesty. Thus does the superior person decrease the abundant and add to the scarce, assessing things and dealing impartially.
Cleary (2): … Leaders assess people and give impartially, by taking from the abundant and adding to the scarce.
Wu: There is a mountain inside earth; this is Humility. Thus the jun zi takes excess from the more to enrich the less and measures goods to ensure fair distribution. [To prepare oneself to accept what is fair among all his fellow men is the essence of humility.]
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: It is the way of heaven to dispense its blessings downwards, and the way of earth to radiate its influence upwards. Both heaven and earth diminish the full to augment the lowly. Spiritual beings inflict calamity on the proud and bless the meek, and men resent ostentation and love temperance. Temperanceenlightens an honorable office, and neither will men ignore it in lowly positions. Thus does the superior man attain his ends. [Emphasis editor's -- Ritsema/Karcher translate "spiritual beings" [Kuei Shen] as: "The whole range of imaginal beings both inside and outside the individual; spiritual powers, gods, demons, ghosts, powers, fetishes.”]
Legge: An essay on temperance rightly follows that on abundant possessions. The third line, dynamic among five magnetic lines, in the topmost place of the trigram of Keeping Still, is the ruler of the hexagram. He is the representative of Temperance -- strong, but self-effacing. The idea is that temperance is the way to permanent success.
The Confucian commentary deals generally with the subject of temperance, showing how it is valued by heaven and earth, by spirits and by men. The descent of the heavenly influences, and the low position of the earth are both symbolic of temperance. The heavenly influences are seen in the daily fluctuations of the sun and moon, and the fertility of the earth correspondingly waxes and wanes with the seasons.
The Daily Lecture says:"The five yin lines above and below symbolize the earth; the one yang line in the center is the mountain in the midst of the earth. The many yin lines represent men's desires; the one yang line represents the heavenly principle. The superior man, looking at this symbolism, diminishes the multitude of human desires within him, and increases the single shoot of the heavenly principle; so does he become grandly just, and can deal with all things evenly according to the nature of each. In whatever circumstances or place he is, he will do what is right.”
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Temperance means maintaining a dynamic/magnetic balance of forces to attain success.
The Superior Man maintains equilibrium in all that he does.
The most common translation of the title for this hexagram is Modesty, but I have chosen Temperance as a title more expressive of the ideas in the Image and Confucian commentary. The words “modesty” and “humility” often carry a connotation of weakness in western usage, and “temperance,” meaning to temper or regulate, is more expressive of the dynamic strength of will required to restrain and modulate the drive to dominate every situation.
The Image shows a mountain hidden beneath the earth--the quiet, invincible power of sheer will is hidden from view, yet it influences everything. Who observing such a level surface would know that the bulk of Mt. Everest was buried beneath it? Temperance means that one's power is hidden, that the fluctuations of heaven and earth are kept in such dynamic/magnetic balance as to be invisible to ordinary vision. The temperate person is strong enough to bear the weight of the world when that is necessary for the Work.
Marcus Aurelius, the Stoic Roman Emperor, was arguably the most powerful man of his time, yet his temperance and modesty showed him to fulfill the ideal of the superior man. Only the truly strong can be truly modest.
And let this truth be present to thee in the excitement of anger, that to be moved by passion is not manly, but that mildness and gentleness, as they are more agreeable to human nature, so also are they more manly; and he who possesses these qualities possesses strength, nerves and courage, and not the man who is subject to fits of passion and discontent. For in the same degree in which a man's mind is nearer to freedom from all passion, in the same degree also is it nearer to strength. Marcus Aurelius
Line 5
Legge: The fifth line, magnetic, shows one who, without being rich, is able to employ her neighbors. She may advantageously use the force of arms. All her movements will be advantageous.
Wilhelm/Baynes: No boasting of wealth before one's neighbor. It is favorable to attack with force. Nothing that would not further.
Blofeld: In treating his neighbors, he is modest about his wealth. If he now attacks the rebels, everything will contribute to his success.
Liu: Do not show off your riches to your neighbor. It is beneficial to attack with force. It is favorable for everything.
Ritsema/Karcher: Not affluence: using one's neighbor. Harvesting: availing-of encroaching subjugating. Without not Harvesting.
Shaughnessy: Not wealthy together with his neighbors; beneficial herewith to invade and attack; there is nothing not beneficial.
Cleary (1): Not enriching oneself, one shares with the neighbors. It is beneficial to make an invasion, which will profit all.
Cleary (2): Not rich, employing the neighbors, it is beneficial in invasion and attack; all will profit.
Wu: He is capable of influencing his neighbors, despite his lack of wealth. It will be advantageous to take military actions. [Military actions are advantageous only if used to quell an insurrection, but certainly not to launch an aggression.]
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She may use the force of arms to correct those who do not submit. Wilhelm/Baynes: "It is favorable to attack with force” in order to chastise the disobedient. Blofeld: Such an attack is warranted if the purpose is to chastise those who do not submit to virtuous laws. [This is not an invitation to use force in any circumstances, but only if its use is directed at what is truly perverse or evil.] Ritsema/Karcher: Chastising, not submitting indeed. Cleary (2): In the sense of overcoming the unruly. Wu: Because they are taken against the insurrection.
Legge: Men honor temperance in itself, whether or not it has the power to command obedience and respect. Hence her neighbors follow the ruler in the fifth line, though she may not be very rich or powerful. Her temperance need not prevent her from asserting her rights, even by the force of arms. Any refusal to submit makes an appeal to force necessary. Even the best and most temperate ruler bears the sword, and must not bear it in vain.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man acts energetically with the use of arms, when necessary, in correcting those who do not submit. Even in severity, however, he retains a considerate demeanor, which attracts devoted followers.
Wing: Despite the mild balance that is reached in Moderation, it may be necessary to take forceful action to accomplish your aims. This should not be done with a boastful display of power but with firm, decisive, and objective action. There will be improvement in whatever you undertake.
Editor: Legge's translation differs from the others, stating that one obtains allies from a position of poverty or relative weakness. Wilhelm, Blofeld and Liu all warn about not touting one's wealth (advantage, strength) to one's neighbors -- using them as allies is not specifically mentioned. On the other hand, Ritsema/
Karcher say: "Not affluence: using one's neighbor...” Implicit is the idea that you are in a strong position and needn't belabor the point. The "force of arms” is the use of power, and here we have one able to exercise power through a possible alliance with others like herself (neighbors are peers). Psychologically, it suggests an ego able to discipline and unite most of its inner forces in the furtherance of the Work: one summons up an alliance of power to tame recalcitrant elements within the psyche. If this is the only changing line, the hexagram becomes #39, Obstruction (Impasse) the corresponding line of which portrays the arrival of “friends” (allies), thus reinforcing the concept of obtaining some kind of assistance in the matter at hand.
Only a unified personality can experience life, not that personality which is split up into partial aspects, that bundle of odds and ends which also calls itself "man." Jung --Psychology and Alchemy
A. Do what needs to be done without making a big deal out of it.
B. Image of a proper alliance of forces able to correct the situation without exceeding the mean. A temperate attitude is not inconsistent with the maintenance of strict discipline.
C. “The force of arms” = self-discipline. Pull yourself together to harmonize recalcitrant forces within the psyche.
Line 6
Legge: The sixth line, magnetic, shows us temperance that has made itself recognized. The subject of it will with advantage put her army in motion, but she will only punish her own towns and state.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty that comes to expression. It is favorable to set armies marching to chastise one's own city and one's country.
Blofeld: Modestly crows the cock. Now is the time to set armies marching to subdue the cities and the countries of the empire.
Liu: Modesty is expressed. It is favorable to use the army to chastise the city and country.
Ritsema/Karcher: Calling Humbling. Harvesting: availing-of moving legions. Chastising the capital city.
Shaughnessy: Calling modesty; beneficial herewith to move troops to campaign against city and state.
Cleary (1): Trumpeting humility, it is profitable to use the army to conquer one’s land.
Cleary (2): Expressing humility, one profits from military operations attacking the country.
Wu: The subject rolls about humility. It will be advantageous to use the armies to chasten the seditious state.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: All her aims have not yet been attained. She may employ the force of arms only to correct her own towns and state. Wilhelm/ Baynes: The purpose is not yet attained. Blofeld: Because the ruler's will has yet to be carried out, it is proper to do so. [This omen can be taken to indicate that we can afford to go forward boldly with our plans, but only if their fruition will tally with the general good. "The ruler's will” in this case is roughly synonymous with the public good.] Ritsema/Karcher: Purpose not-yet acquired indeed. Permitting availing-of moving legions. Chastising the capital city indeed. Cleary (2): The aspiration has not been attained. Wu: His aspirations have not been fulfilled … The purpose is to chasten the seditious state.
Legge: The subject of the magnetic sixth line is outside a game that has been played out. She will use force, but only within her own sphere and to assert what is right. She will not be aggressive. Chu Hsi bases all that is said under line six on its being a magnetic line, so that the temperate ruler is unable even at the close of the action to accomplish all her objects, and must limit her field even in appealing to arms.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Even though the man's probity is recognized, his aims are not yet achieved. True modesty begins by disciplining one's own ego and the character of one's immediate circle, without being aggressive beyond.
Wing: Your inner development is not yet complete. The time calls for self-discipline. When difficulties arise, do not place the blame upon others. Once you begin to take responsibility for your own destiny you can bring order to your environment.
Editor: The ruler uses force to attain order in both this and the previous line, but here her influence is confined to immediate objectives. Temperance in this instance is expressed in her awareness of a lack of wholeness in the matter at hand, and of her own limitations in being able to effect completion. Psychologically, to "punish your own towns and state:” is to confine your action to the proper discipline of inner responses: emotions, drives, temptations, etc.
Better an equable man than a hero, a man master of himself than one who takes a city. Proverbs 16: 32
A. Recognize the limitations inherent in the situation and confine your action to objectives within your own sphere of control.
B. A modest, although incomplete, achievement. Confine your activity to controlling personal responses.
C. Don't get carried away with a modest achievement.
D. Set your house in order one step at a time.
53 Development
Autres titres : Développement, Le Symbole de l'Avancée Progressive, Développement Graduel, Infiltration, Avancement, Croissance, Développement, Gradualité, Progression Dialectique, Pas à Pas, "Plus c'est lent, plus c'est fort." -- D.F. Hook
Jugement
Legge :Progression Graduel montre la bonne fortune accompagnant le mariage d'une jeune fille. La fermeté correcte apporte un avantage.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Développement. La jeune fille est donnée en mariage. Bonne fortune. La persévérance est bénéfique.
Blofeld : Progression Graduel. Le mariage d'une jeune fille apporte la bonne fortune. La persistance dans une voie juste apporte une récompense.
Liu : Développement Graduel. Le mariage d'une fille -- Bonne Fortune. Il est bénéfique de continuer.
Ritsema/Karcher :Infiltration, la féminité se convertit de manière significative. Récolter l'épreuve. [Ce hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de réalisation progressive d'un objectif. Il souligne que progresser par une pénétration diffuse mais constante est la manière adéquate de le gérer. Pour être en accord avec le temps, on vous dit : infiltrez-vous !]
Shaughnessy :Avancement : Pour la jeune fille de revenir est de bon augure ; bénéfique de déterminer.
Cleary (2) :Progression Graduel dans le mariage d'une femme est de bon augure. Il est bénéfique d'être chaste.
Wu : Gradualité indique qu'il est de bon augure pour une femme de se marier et il est avantageux pour elle d'être persévérante.
L'Image
Legge : Un arbre sur la montagne -- l'image de Progression Graduel. L'homme supérieur atteint et nourrit sa vertu extraordinaire pour améliorer les manières du peuple.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Sur la montagne, un arbre : l'image du Développement. Ainsi l'homme supérieur demeure dans la dignité et la vertu, afin d'améliorer les mœurs.
Blofeld : Ce hexagramme symbolise un arbre sur une montagne. L'Homme Supérieur, demeurant dans la sainteté et la vertu, incline le peuple vers la bonté.
Liu : Un arbre sur la montagne symbolise Développement Graduel. L'homme supérieur, en maintenant sa vertu, améliore les coutumes de la société.
Ritsema/Karcher : Au-dessus de la montagne possédant du bois. Infiltration. Un chun tzu utilise la résidence dans l'actualisation éminente du tao pour améliorer le vulgaire. [Actualiser le tao : Capacité à suivre le cours tracé par le processus continu du cosmos ... Lié à l'acquisition, TE : acquérir ce qui fait qu'un être devient ce qu'il est censé être.]
Cleary (1) : Il y a des arbres sur la montagne, croissant progressivement. Ainsi les personnes supérieures demeurent dans la sagacité et améliorent les coutumes.
Cleary (2) : …Les personnes développées améliorent les coutumes en vivant sagement et vertueusement.
Wu : Il y a des arbres sur la montagne ; c'est Gradualité. Le jun zi choisit de vivre dans le quartier connu pour ses normes morales élevées et ses coutumes exemplaires.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge : L'ascension de Progression Graduel ressemble au mariage heureux d'une jeune fille. Les lignes montent à leurs places appropriées, indiquant la réussite. Parce que l'ascension est faite correctement, le sujet du hexagramme est habilité à rectifier son pays. Il est montré comme le dirigeant dynamique à la ligne cinq, central et correct. L'alternance de la Stabilité et de la Pénétration Flexible assure que l'avance est continue.
Legge : Le caractère écrit pour Progression Graduel est ordinairement utilisé dans le sens de progressivement, mais il y a aussi l'idée d'avancer. L'ensemble dénote une avancée progressive comme l'imprégnation de l'eau. Les deux autres hexagrammes qui contiennent l'idée d'avancer sont le numéro trente-cinq, Avancée de la Conscience et le numéro quarante-six,Montée-- chacun exprime sa propre nuance de sens, et ici la nuance est la manière progressive dont l'avance a lieu.
Le thème du hexagramme est l'avancement des hommes aux fonctions de l'État -- comment cela doit se faire progressivement et par étapes successives. Les lignes 2, 3, 4 et 5 sont toutes à leurs places appropriées en tant que dynamiques ou magnétiques, et nous les montons comme par étapes régulières jusqu'au sommet du hexagramme.
Le mariage d'une jeune fille illustre un événement important qui se déroule selon diverses étapes préliminaires qui doivent être correctement effectuées dans un ordre séquentiel. Il en va de même pour l'avancement d'un homme au service de l'État.
Les éditeurs de K'ang-hsi disent : "Un arbre surgissant du sol est un arbre qui commence à pousser. Un arbre sur une colline est haut et grand. Chaque arbre, lorsqu'il commence à pousser, montre ses branches et ses brindilles s'allongeant progressivement. Chaque matin et chaque soir montrent une certaine différence ; et lorsque l'arbre est haut et grand, qu'il soit de taille ordinaire ou extraordinaire, il a fallu des années pour atteindre ses dimensions."
Commentaire Ajouté : Blofeld ajoute la note suivante à chaque ligne de ce hexagramme : il est plus facile de la lire ici comme son commentaire général. [Les commentaires chinois supplémentaires expliquent que l'oie sauvage est un oiseau qui se déplace vers le soleil. Or, un terme chinois couramment utilisé pour le soleil est YANG, à savoir le principe masculin. Ainsi, l'oiseau symbolise évidemment (sic) une jeune fille cherchant un mari. Son mouvement de la rive du fleuve au rocher, à la terre ferme, à un arbre, à une colline et au continent (qui est dit dans un commentaire signifier péninsule) signifie un mouvement progressif dans une direction inchangée. Du point de vue de la divination, c'est le meilleur cours pour nous, même si le mariage n'est pas notre objectif. Concernant le mariage : la première ligne signifie des commérages, bien que le mariage ne soit pas inapproprié ; la deuxième, un mariage matériellement réussi ; la troisième, un mariage malheureux ; la quatrième, un mariage avec quelqu'un d'extrêmement gentil et attentionné ; la cinquième, un mariage heureux ; la sixième, un mariage avec une figure publique qui a une certaine responsabilité pour le bon ordre dans le royaume et qui réussit dans sa tâche.]
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : L'union correcte des forces au sein de la psyché est une question de maturation lente.
L'Homme Supérieur maintient sa volonté et transforme la psyché. "L'exemple est l'école de l'humanité, et ils n'apprendront d'aucune autre manière." -- Burke
C'est l'un des hexagrammes les plus hiérarchiques -- chaque ligne représente une avancée claire par rapport à la position de la ligne précédente, donnant ainsi une image de Progression Graduel. Le véhicule de cette progression est l'oie sauvage, qui apparaît également dans chaque ligne. Une oie est un oiseau -- principalement une créature de l'air, ou du domaine de la pensée ; mais parce qu'elle prospère également sur l'eau ou la terre, l'oie symbolise la pensée qui imprègne les deux catégories inférieures de la conscience -- l'émotion (eau) et la sensation (terre).
Une autre interprétation traditionnelle du motif de l'oie est celle de l'aspect universel de l'âme. L'oie sauvage est capable de se déplacer partout, sur la terre ferme, dans l'eau et dans l'air. C'est l'oiseau d'Hermès, qui est le guide des âmes. E.C. Whitmont -- La Quête Symbolique
Le progrès de l'oie est graduel, de la rive, ou seuil de la conscience à la ligne un, aux hauteurs de la montagne, ou domaine de l'Esprit à la ligne six. Le fait que ce progrès soit lié à l'idée de mariage dans le Jugement est un indice clair que nous traitons ici de l'idée de l'union des opposés au sein de la psyché. (Voir le commentaire sur le hexagramme numéro onze.) Le message est sans ambiguïté : le processus de croissance psycho-spirituelle est une maturation lente. Il n'y a pas de raccourcis vers l'illumination.
Les maux et les faussetés doivent être éliminés, afin qu'une nouvelle vie qui est la vie du ciel puisse être implantée. Cela ne peut en aucun cas être fait hâtivement ; car chaque mal enraciné avec ses faussetés a une connexion avec tous les maux et leurs faussetés ; et ces maux et faussetés sont innombrables, et leur connexion est si multiple qu'elle ne peut être comprise ... De cela, il est clair que la vie de l'enfer chez l'homme ne peut être soudainement détruite, car si cela était fait soudainement, il expirerait immédiatement ; et que la vie du ciel ne peut être soudainement implantée, car si cela était fait soudainement, il expirerait également. Swedenborg -- Arcana Coelestia