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Enthousiasme16
L'inspiration alimente l'énergie ; alignez l'enthousiasme avec le but pour avancer efficacement.
↓ Line 4
Le véritable enthousiasme attire le soutien et conduit à de grandes réalisations. Ayez confiance en votre vision et rassemblez des alliés.
↓ Line 5
Malgré les défis et les difficultés, la persévérance mènera à la survie et au succès éventuel.
↓ Union8
La collaboration et l'union avec les autres apportent de la force. Engagez-vous à des objectifs communs et construisez des alliances.
Lectures originales
16 Enthousiasme
Other titles: The Symbol of Harmonious Joy, Repose, Happiness, Providing-for/Provision, Excess, Merriment, Self-confidence, Contentment, Harmonize, Excitement, Intemperance, Self-deception "Repose in the absolute confidence that the action now being taken is right. Also refers to music." -- D.F. Hook
Judgment
Legge: Enthusiasm indicates that feudal princes may be set up and the army advantageously mobilized.
Wilhelm/Baynes:Enthusiasm. It furthers one to install helpers and to set armies marching.
Blofeld:Repose profits those engaged in building up the country and sending forth armies. [This means that perfect certainty as to the rightness of our cause is of great value under the conditions mentioned. The usual meaning of this character is "beforehand" or "happiness." In the English translation of Wilhelm's version, it appears as "enthusiasm." "Repose" was suggested by the Chinese experts who kindly vetted this manuscript. At first I felt hesitant about adopting it, until I realized that, where it is used favorably, it must be understood as the kind of mental repose which follows absolute confidence that the action now being taken is the right one. In lines one, three and six, however, it clearly means failure to act when action is essential; in line five, failure to act owing to incapacity.]
Liu:Happiness. It is of benefit to build up the country (or business), and send the army forth. [Receivers of this hexagram should be wary of exhibiting excessive enthusiasm when beginning a new undertaking. If they are not, there will be misfortune. The hexagram also advises that everything necessary for advancement should be made ready. Then if an opportunity presents itself, it should be seized immediately, without hesitation.]
Ritsema/Karcher: Providing-for , Harvesting: installing feudatories to move legions. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of what is needed to meet the future. It emphasizes that accumulating strength through foresight and prudence so things can be fully enjoyed is the adequate way to handle it. To be in accord with the time, you are told to: provide-for!]
Shaughnessy: Excess: Beneficial to establish a lord and to move troops.
Cleary (1):Joy. It is advantageous to set up a ruler and mobilize the army.
Wu:Merriment indicates the advantage of establishing principalities and taking military actions.
The Image
Legge: Thunder exploding out of the Earth -- the image of Enthusiasm. The ancient kings, in accordance with this, composed their music and honored virtue, offering it especially to God when they worshipped him at the service of their ancestors.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Thunder comes resounding out of the earth: the image of Enthusiasm. Thus the ancient kings made music in order to honor merit, and offered it with splendor to the Supreme Deity, inviting their ancestors to be present.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes thunder over the earth. The ancient rulers venerated heaven's gifts with solemn music and they sacrificed abundantly to the Supreme Lord of Heaven in order to be worthy of their ancestors.
Liu: Thunder arising from the earth symbolizes Happiness. The ancient kings composed music to honor virtue, offering it to God and the spirits of their ancestors.
Ritsema/Karcher: Thunder issuing-forth-from earth impetuously. Providing-for. The Earlier Kings used arousing delight to extol actualizing-tao. Exalting worship's Supreme Above. Using equalizing the grandfather predecessors. [Actualize-tao:ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos... Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]
Cleary (1): When thunder emerges the earth stirs: Thus did the kings of yore make music to honor virtue, offering it in abundance to God, thereby to share it with their ancestors.
Wu: Thunder breaks out above the earth with a boom; this is Merriment. Thus the ancient kings used music to praise virtuous accomplishments and made grand offerings to the Supreme Being to be accompanied by their ancestors.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: Enthusiasm shows one dynamic line inspiring responsive obedience in all the others: devoted obedience takes action. Such obedient action conforms to natural law and creates order and discipline in the people. The planets and the seasons follow their natural cycles. The sages similarly obey the laws of their nature and the people acknowledge their regulations and punishments as just.
Legge:Enthusiasm shows harmony and contentment throughout the kingdom -- a time when the people rejoice in their sovereign and readily obey him. At such a time his appointments and any military undertakings would be hailed and supported. Because he is close to the fifth place of dignity, the dynamic fourth line is seen as the chief executive officer of the ruler. The ruler has confidence in him, and all of the magnetic lines yield their obedience. Obedience is the attribute of the lower trigram which here takes the initiative and uses Movement, which is the attribute of the upper trigram.
The symbolism of the Image is more obscure than usual. The use of music at sacrifices is supposed to assist in producing the union between God and his worshippers as well as the present and past generations.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment: Delegate authority and gather your forces.
The Superior Man synchronizes his will with the intent of the Self via the principles of the Work.
Enthusiasm is the reverse of the preceding hexagram of Temperance. In Temperance we saw the calm strength of a mountain concealed within the earth. In Enthusiasm we see thunder exploding out of the ground into the sky: the strength that was formerly tempered and restrained is now released. It is significant to note that while every line of Temperance is more or less "favorable,” every line of Enthusiasm is either negative or cautionary -- even the generally positive fourth line carries a hint of warning about “doubt.”
Negatively, Self-Deception (the passion of True Believers) seems to be what this hexagram is portraying. The figure often suggests a callow or deluded buoyancy -- the kind of outlook associated with romantic idealists. In its most negative aspect, Enthusiasm is Intemperance -- the exact opposite of the moderation and restraint shown in the preceding hexagram. The behavior of an untrained Great Dane puppy suddenly bursting into a formal dinner party could be described as "enthusiasm,” but hardly a desirable form thereof. The lower trigram of Obedient Devotion has suddenly employed the action and energy of the upper trigram of Thunderous Shock to express itself. This is inconsistent with the code of the superior man.
Conversely, in its most positive sense, Enthusiasm suggests the surety of total self-confidence. Blofeld translates this as Repose, explaining that the name was suggested to him by his Chinese advisors. We begin to understand this subtle distinction when we compare the seemingly obscure connection with music in the Image with a passage from Chuang- tse:
He who understands the music of heaven lives in accordance with nature in his life and takes part in the process of change of things in his death. In repose, his character is in harmony with the yin principle; in activity, his movement is in harmony with the yang principle. Therefore he who understands the music of heaven is not blamed by heaven or criticized by men ... It is said, "In action he is like heaven. In repose he is like the earth ... Because his mind has found repose, therefore the creation pays homage to him.”
To understand “the music of heaven” is to attain Repose, which is another way of describing the tranquility that comes with furthering the intent of the Self. The only dynamic line in the hexagram is in the minister's place just below the fifth-line ruler. He has the confidence of his sovereign and his actions therefore accord with heaven. We can turn to the Stoics to find an illustration of this idea:
My will is simply that which comes to pass. For I esteem what God wills better than what I will. To Him will I cleave as His minister and attendant; having the same movements, the same desires, in a word the same will as He. -- Epictetus
Thus we see that the hexagram can describe either one of two opposite conditions -- the intemperate Enthusiasm of ego-confidence (a synonym for Self-Deception), or the calm Repose of true SELF-confidence. The fifteenth and sixteenth hexagrams, each the inverse of the other, represent magnetic and dynamic aspects of the same general idea: Enthusiasm, when it emanates from the Self, is just Temperance in action.
Line 4
Legge: The fourth line, dynamic, shows him from whom the harmony and satisfaction come. Great is the success which he obtains. Let him not allow suspicions to enter his mind, and thus friends will gather around him.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The source of enthusiasm. He achieves great things. Doubt not. You gather friends around you as a hair clasp gathers the hair.
Blofeld: From repose, great results accrue. Harbor no doubts. Why should it be harmful to befriend this official? [The meaning of this terse question is not obvious; but the enquirer may find it apt in the context either of his question or of subsequent events.]
Liu: The source of happiness. One receives great gain without hesitation. Your friends are already successful.
Ritsema/Karcher: Antecedent Provision. The great possesses acquiring. No doubting. Partners join-together suddenly.
Shaughnessy: Really excess; if one greatly has gain, do not doubt; cowries and shells slander.
Cleary (1): Being the source of joy, there is great gain. Do not doubt. Companions gather.
Wu: Let merriment have its way. There is much to gain. No doubt about it. Friends will unite their hairpins.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: His aims take effect on a grand scale. Wilhelm/Baynes:
His will is done in great things. Blofeld: The first sentence indicates the fullest attainment of our will. Ritsema/Karcher: Purpose: the great moving indeed. Cleary (2): The aspiration is carried out greatly. Wu: His aspirations are fully realized.
Legge: The dynamic subject of line four is the agent to whom the happy condition is owing, and it is only necessary to caution him to maintain his confidence in himself and his purpose. His adherents and success will continue.
Anthony: The source of enthusiasm is in believing in our path and its ultimate success, because it is correct. We gather friends and helpers when this belief is strong enough that we do not try to convince people or contend with them. Contending comes from the ego, which secretly disbelieves.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is confident, free of suspicions of others, and sincere in his dedication. He instills harmony and satisfaction among his associates. People gather around him in effective cooperation.
Wing: Harmonious times are approaching. It is safe to exhibit your confidence in the future. Your attitude will attract others to you, who will co-operate in your endeavors. In this way you can accomplish great deeds.
Editor: As the only dynamic line in the hexagram, line four is considered to be its ruler. When we note that Legge mentions "harmony and satisfaction" instead of "enthusiasm," we begin to see the meaning behind Blofeld's title of Repose. Indeed, his translation of the line begins: "From repose, great results accrue..." Wilhelm's version gives the idea of consolidating forces "as a hair clasp gathers the hair." Psychologically interpreted, a process of integration is symbolized. The line can sometimes be a gentle admonition to have faith in your own unconscious processes to advance the Work.
The One does not aspire to us, to move around us; we aspire to it, to move around it. Actually, we always move around it; but we do not always look. We are like a chorus grouped about a conductor who allow their attention to be distracted by the audience. If, however, they were to turn towards their conductor, they would sing as they should and would really be with him. We are always around The One. If we were not, we would dissolve and cease to exist. Yet our gaze does not remain fixed upon the One. When we look at it, we then attain the end of our desires and find rest. Plotinus -- The Enneads
A. A powerful force calmly organizes separate elements to effect a synthesis.
B. Quiet SELF-confidence inspires the allegiance of inner forces, accumulating energy for transformation.
Line 5
Legge: The fifth line, magnetic, shows one with a chronic complaint, but who lives on without dying.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Persistently ill, and still does not die.
Blofeld: Illness is presaged, but it will not last long or cause death.
Liu: Long illness, but still living.
Ritsema/Karcher: Trial: affliction. Persevering, not dying.
Shaughnessy: Determination is illness; if constant you will not die.
Cleary (1): There is a persistent illness, but one never dies.
Cleary (2): Chaste in illness, one never dies.
Wu: It is like having a persistent illness, but not fatal.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She is mounted on a dynamic line in the central position, and her memories of the past have not yet perished. Wilhelm/Baynes: It rests upon a hard line. That it nevertheless does not die is due to the fact that the middle has not yet been passed. Blofeld: Illness is indicated because this yielding line comes immediately above a firm one. Recovery rather than death is to be expected because this line is, nevertheless, central to the upper trigram. Ritsema/Karcher: Trial: affliction. Riding a solid indeed. Persevering, not dying. Center not-yet extinguished indeed. Cleary (2): Being chaste in illness means riding on firmness. Never dying means not losing balance. Wu: Because its position remains central.
Legge: Line five is magnetic in the place of a dynamic ruler, and in danger of being carried away by the lust of enthusiasm. Her proximity to the powerful influence below is a source of danger. Hence she is represented as suffering from a chronic complaint.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is continually complaining. Yet the very struggling against the daily troubles constitutes his immediate incentive for living.
Wing: Total harmony is obstructed and impossible. Yet the very awareness of this will keep you from sinking again into chaos and eventual defeat.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Here enthusiasm is obstructed. A man is under constant pressure, which prevents him from breathing freely. However, this pressure has its advantage – it prevents him from consuming his powers in empty enthusiasm. Thus constant pressure can actually serve to keep one alive.
Anthony: The situation is difficult and uncomfortable. We are still under the influence of striving to achieve results or hedging to prevent them. However, our discomfort is useful in causing us to seek out these attitudes which block our progress.
Editor: At its most neutral, the image suggests a chronic condition currently not amenable to being cured. Sometimes this feels like ironic irritation: the oracle seems to be asking: "When are you ever going to learn?” The ego is clinging to outmoded ways (the "memories" mentioned in Legge's Confucian commentary), and is yet unable to fully comprehend the demands of the Work. If this is the only changing line, the hexagram becomes #45, Gathering Together, with a corresponding line hinting that the source of our illness may be less-than-pristine dedication. Cleary (2): “Gathering around the position, there is no blame. If those who are not loyal remain ever-faithful to their original commitment, regret vanishes.”
Better is one’s own dharma, though imperfectly performed, than the dharma of another well performed. Bhagavad Gita
A. A chronic problem remains unresolved.
B. Nobody’s perfect: do the best you can with what you have.
C. Old illusions obstruct your growth.
8 Union
Autres titres : Le Symbole de l'Assistance Subalterne, Union, Unité, Groupement, Alliance, Coordination, Leadership, Fusion (comme avec les affluents d'une rivière), Recherche d'Union, Unification, Accord, Soumission, Individuation, Intégration
Jugement
Legge :Se Tenir Ensemble indique une bonne fortune, mais que le consultant se réexamine par divination pour savoir si sa vertu est grande, ininterrompue et ferme. Si c'est le cas, il n'y aura pas d'erreur. Ceux qui sont prêts se joindront alors à lui, mais ceux qui tardent rencontreront le malheur.
Wilhelm/Baynes :Se Tenir Ensemble apporte la bonne fortune. Interrogez à nouveau l'oracle pour savoir si vous possédez la sublimité, la constance et la persévérance ; alors il n'y a pas de blâme. Ceux qui sont incertains se joignent progressivement. Quiconque arrive trop tard rencontre le malheur.
Blofeld :Unité (ou coordination). Bonne fortune ! Une consultation supplémentaire de l'oracle fournira un présage de grande et durable valeur. Pas d'erreur ! Ceux dont le cœur est troublé se rassemblent. Les retardataires subissent un désastre. [Tout comme le dernier hexagramme traite ostensiblement des affaires militaires, celui-ci concerne en grande partie l'administration. Pour les fins de divination, il doit être considéré de manière figurative - à moins qu'un problème d'administration ne soit réellement impliqué dans la question.]
Liu : Union. Bonne fortune. La prédiction pour celui qui tente l'union devrait être grandeur, continuation et constance ; pas de blâme. Si l'on hésite, puis rejoint tard : malheur.
Ritsema/Karcher :Groupement, significatif. Revenir à la consultation de l'oracle : Printemps, essai perpétuel. Sans faute. Pas apaisant, venant de tous côtés. Ensuite, épargnant : écueil. [Cet hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de comment vous catégorisez les gens et les choses et comment vous vous rapportez à ces catégories. Il souligne que joindre les gens et les choses en reconnaissant leurs qualités essentielles est la manière adéquate de le gérer.]
Shaughnessy :Alliance: auspice. La divination originale par l'achillée : prime ; la détermination permanente n'est pas un problème. La terre non tranquille vient ; pour le dernier compagnon, inauspice.
Cleary (1) :Accord est de bon augure. Enquêter et vérifier, si la base est toujours correcte, il n'y a pas d'erreur : Alors les inquiets viendront ; mais les retardataires sont malheureux.
Cleary (2) : Accord présage bien. Assurez-vous que la base est toujours correcte, afin qu'il n'y ait pas de faute. Alors les inquiets viendront. Les retardataires sont malheureux.
Wu : Soumission indique une auspice. Chercher à confirmer l'intention et la motivation de l'allégeance par divination est sans faute. Ceux qui cherchent la paix peuvent tous venir, mais ceux qui hésitent et viennent tard auront de la malchance.
L'Image
Legge : L'image de la terre, et au-dessus d'elle l'eau, forme Se Tenir Ensemble. Les anciens rois, conformément à cela, ont établi les divers États et maintenu une relation affectueuse avec leurs princes.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Sur la terre est l'eau : l'image de Se Tenir Ensemble. Ainsi les rois de l'antiquité ont accordé les différents États comme fiefs et cultivé des relations amicales avec les seigneurs féodaux.
Blofeld : L'hexagramme symbolise l'eau reposant sur la terre -- coordination. [Ceci est indiqué par la nature des trigrammes composants. C'est par la coopération entre la terre fertile et l'eau qui l'irrigue que la croissance est réalisée.] Les anciens dirigeants ont renforcé le royaume en étant en termes affectueux avec les seigneurs féodaux. [Cela peut suggérer de traiter avec bienveillance les subordonnés immédiats.]
Liu : L'eau sur la terre symbolise Union. Les anciens rois ont établi de nombreux États et étaient amicaux avec les seigneurs féodaux.
Ritsema/Karcher : Au-dessus de la terre possédant un ruisseau. Groupement. Les Rois Anciens ont utilisé l'installation de myriades de villes pour connecter les feudataires connotés.
Cleary (1) : Il y a de l'eau sur la terre, en accord. Ainsi les rois d'antan ont établi de nombreux royaumes et se sont associés à leurs représentants.
Wu : Il y a de l'eau sur le sol ; c'est Soumission. Ainsi les derniers rois ont fondé les États et ont gardé une relation personnelle avec tous les princes.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge : Se Tenir Ensemble dénote de l'aide, et nous voyons dans la figure des inférieurs suivant docilement leur supérieur. Tout ce qui est dit dans le Jugement découle de la position de la ligne dynamique au centre du trigramme supérieur. Ceux qui ne lui répondent pas ont épuisé leur bonne fortune.
Legge : L'idée d'union entre les différents membres et classes d'un État et comment elle peut être assurée, est le sujet de Se Tenir Ensemble. La ligne dynamique à la cinquième place d'autorité représente le dirigeant auquel les sujets de toutes les autres lignes offrent une soumission prête. En général, la deuxième ligne est le corrélat approprié de la cinquième, mais ici toutes les autres lignes sont également ses sujets. L'union harmonieuse est assurée par l'autorité souveraine du dirigeant, mais il est averti de veiller à ce que sa vertu soit digne de sa position, et ses sujets sont avertis de ne pas tarder à se soumettre à lui. Ceux qui ne cherchent pas à promouvoir et à profiter de l'union jusqu'à ce qu'il soit trop tard sont laissés de côté. Le sentiment est le même que celui des lignes de Shakespeare à propos de la marée dans les affaires des hommes. Dans l'Image, "l'eau sur la face de la terre" suggests un emblème d'union étroite.
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : Le succès de l'Œuvre est déterminé par l'intégration correcte des forces intrapsychiques. Des forces séparées et disparates sont un indice de son échec. La volonté ininterrompue est le catalyseur de l'unité. Avez-vous la volonté requise pour faciliter cet objectif ? Demandez à l'oracle.
L'Image : Les intelligences archétypales (les dieux) ont créé de nombreuses dimensions de conscience (l'inconscient collectif de Jung ou la psyché objective), maintenant un contact bienveillant avec elles toutes. ("Bienveillant" se réfère à l'intention originale -- le royaume des formes idéales de Platon -- "Le Bien." C'est l'image d'un multivers évolutif de conscience – une psyché humaine.)
Interprété psychologiquement,Se Tenir Ensemble dépeint le Soi comme le dirigeant de la cinquième ligne entouré de ses complexes satellites. Rendu astrologiquement, nous voyons la même image dans le système solaire avec son Soleil entouré de planètes -- chacune symbolisant une faculté au sein de la psyché (par exemple, Mercure est l'intellect, Mars est l'agression, etc.). Vu de cette manière, le huitième hexagramme dépeint le fonctionnement d'un processus divin. (Chaque fois que les "anciens rois" sont mentionnés dans le I Ching,nous pouvons les prendre comme les architectes symboliques d'un idéal primordial de perfection.)
L'Image dans Se Tenir Ensemble est une allégorie du Soi établissant les divers complexes au sein de la psyché (le Soleil établissant ses planètes) afin qu'ils puissent évoluer en un reflet de l'intention idéale de l'Œuvre. (Dans les royaumes intemporels de l'hyperespace, le Jardin d'Éden et la Nouvelle Jérusalem existent simultanément, bien qu'ici dans l'espace-temps, en tant que facilitateurs clés dans une "œuvre en cours", nous travaillons quelque part entre la cause et l'effet.)
Bien que la psyché d'un être humain fonctionnel soit maintenue ensemble de manière relativement cohérente, ses relations internes orbitent continuellement les unes autour des autres dans des cycles de changement. (Les transits astrologiques symbolisent de tels changements.) Le Tao de l'évolution psychique (l'Œuvre) est de répondre aux changements de manière consciente et cohérente afin que toutes les forces finissent par se synchroniser avec la volonté de leur source. La seule responsabilité de l'ego est de faire cela dans la dimension espace-temps pour le bénéfice du Soi.
De quelque manière que l'on puisse concevoir la relation entre le soi individuel et le Soi universel, qu'ils soient considérés comme identiques ou similaires, distincts ou unis, il est très important de reconnaître clairement, et de garder toujours présent en théorie et en pratique, la différence qui existe entre le Soi dans sa nature essentielle -- ce qui a été appelé la ‘source', le ‘centre', l'‘être profond', l'‘apex' de nous-mêmes -- et la petite personnalité ordinaire, le petit ‘soi' ou ego, dont nous sommes normalement conscients. Le mépris de cette distinction vitale conduit à des conséquences absurdes et dangereuses. Roberto Assagioli – Psychosynthèse
Le message pour l'homme supérieur dans cet hexagramme est la seule injonction dans le Livre des Changementsde reconsulter l'oracle. Implicite dans ce défi curieux est un besoin d'évaluer votre compétence à faire avancer l'Œuvre. La réponse devrait vous indiquer l'état de votre volonté.
La volonté n'est, curieusement, pas reconnue comme la fonction centrale et fondamentale de l'ego. Elle a souvent été dépréciée comme étant inefficace contre les divers pulsions et le pouvoir de l'imagination, ou elle a été considérée avec suspicion comme menant à l'affirmation de soi (volonté de puissance). Mais ce dernier n'est qu'un usage perverti de la volonté, tandis que l'apparente futilité de la volonté est due uniquement à un usage défectueux et peu intelligent. La volonté n'est inefficace que lorsqu'elle tente d'agir en oppositionà l'imagination et aux autres fonctions psychologiques, tandis que son usage habile et par conséquent réussi consiste à réguler et diriger toutes les autres fonctions vers un but délibérément choisi et affirmé. Roberto Assagioli – Psychosynthèse
Les différences entre les hexagrammes numéro sept et numéro huit sont les différences entre un cadre de référence géocentrique et héliocentrique – soulignant le fait que l'ego et le Soi perçoivent chacun la psyché d'un point de vue entièrement différent.
Car mes pensées ne sont pas vos pensées,
mes voies ne sont pas vos voies -- c'est Yahweh qui parle.
Oui, les cieux sont aussi hauts au-dessus de la terre