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Réparation18
Aborder les problèmes ; réparer ce qui a été négligé. Assumer la responsabilité de restaurer et d'améliorer.
↓ Line 2
Aborder les problèmes nécessite une approche douce ; une force excessive peut être contre-productive.
↓ Line 3
Assumer la responsabilité des erreurs passées entraîne de petits regrets mais évite de grandes fautes.
↓ Se séparer23
Démêler les structures ; fins nécessaires. Préparez-vous pour de nouveaux commencements. Embrassez le changement, en laissant l'ancien s'effondrer.
Lectures originales
18 Réparation
Other titles: Work On What Has Been Spoiled, The Symbol of Destruction, Decay, Arresting of Decay, Work after Spoiling, Fixing, Rectifying, Corrupting, Branch, Degeneration, Misdeeds "Can refer to heredity and psychological traits.” -- D. F. Hook
Judgment
Legge: Successful progress is indicated for those who properly repair what has been spoiled. It is advantageous to cross the great stream. One should consider carefully the events three days before the turning point and the tasks remaining for three days afterward.
Wilhelm/Baynes:Work On What Has Been Spoiled has supreme success. It furthers one to cross the great water. Before the starting point, three days. After the starting point, three days.
Blofeld:Decay augurs sublime success and the advantage of crossing the great river (or sea). [I.e. of going on a journey or of going forward with one's plans.] What has happened once will surely happen again (literally, "three days before the commencement; three days after the commencement"). [It would have been hard to make sense of these words, were it not that the Confucian Commentary on the Text clearly explains them; hence the liberty I have taken with the Text.]
Liu: Work after spoiling. Great success. It is of benefit to cross the great water. Before starting, three days. After starting, three days. [This hexagram implies that, although conditions are bad now, improvement can be expected.]
Ritsema/Karcher: Corrupting, Spring Growing. Harvesting: wading the Great River. Before seedburst three days, after seedburst three days. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of disorder, perversion and putrefaction. It emphasizes that letting things rot away so they become obsolete is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Branch: Prime auspiciousness; receipt. Beneficial to ford the great river; preceding jia by three days, following jia by three days.
Cleary (1): Correcting degeneration is greatly developmental. It is beneficial to cross great rivers. Three days before the start, three days after the start. [The way to correct degeneracy is not in empty tranquility without action; it is necessary to work in the midst of great danger and difficulty, to act in the dragon’s pool and the tiger’s lair. Only then can one restore one’s original being, cultivating it into something indestructible.]
Cleary (2): From degeneration comes great development, etc.
Wu: Misdeeds is great and pervasive. It will be advantageous to cross the big river. It would be advisable to begin an undertaking three days before Jia and examine the ongoing progress three days thereafter.
The Image
Legge: The image of wind below the mountain forms Repair. The superior man, in accordance with this, stimulates the virtue of the people.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The wind blows low on the mountain: the image of Decay. Thus the superior man stirs up the people and strengthens their spirit.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes wind blowing at the foot of a mountain. The Superior Man, by stimulating people's hearts, nourishes their virtue.
Liu: Wind blowing around the foot of the mountain symbolizes Work after Spoiling. The superior man encourages people to cultivate virtue.
Ritsema/Karcher: Below mountain possessing wind. Corrupting. A chun tzu uses rousing the commoners to nurture actualizing-tao. [Actualize-tao: ...ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos... Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]
Cleary (1): There is wind in the mountains; degeneration. Thus superior people rouse the people and nurture virtue.
Cleary (2): … Leaders thus arouse the people to nurture virtue.
Wu: There is wind at the foot of the mountain; this is Misdeeds. Thus the jun zi arouses the people and nurtures his own virtue.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The dynamic trigram is above, and the magnetic trigram is below. Pliancy is below, and Stopping above: these suggest troubled conditions verging on ruin. But Repair brings order to all under heaven, and he who advances will encounter the business to be done. The end of confusion is the beginning of order; such is the procedure of heaven.
Legge: Repair means the performance of painful but necessary duties. It shows a situation in which things are going to ruin, as if through poison or venomous worms. In order to justify the auspice of progress and success, the duty of the figure is to rectify this and restore conditions to health. This will require a major effort, such as crossing the great stream, and the careful differentiation of the causes of the problem, as well as the measures taken to fix it. The attribute of the lower trigram is Pliancy, and the upper represents Stoppage or Arrest. Hence, the feeble pliancy of decadence is stopped cold by the immovable mountain. The three days before and after the turning point symbolize the careful attention and differentiation necessary for any rectification to succeed.
On the Image, Ch'eng-tzu says: "When the wind encounters the mountain, it is driven back, and the things about are all scattered in disorder; such is the emblem of the state denoted by Repair." The nourishing of virtue appears especially in line six -- all the other lines belong to the helping of the people.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Repair means to set your house in order. Analyze your choices before the renovation and evaluate their consequences afterward.
The Superior Man orders his thoughts and feelings, reforms old attitudes, and strengthens his will. (Psychologically, to "stimulate the virtue of the people" (Legge) is to rectify the components of a complex.)
To imagine any truly objective state of perception we must include all that exists: the entire cosmos. Each differentiation of this, from atom to galaxy, is one slice out of an infinite whole. As a portion of the entirety, we are always linked with our ancestors in an infinite web of relationships which includes our family history, our racial-cultural-historical heritage and Homo sapiens as a species. Though seldom aware of them, it is useful to remember these links. Emanating from an unfathomable complexity, their karmically-charged morphogenetic fields are constantly shaping our lives. It follows that, although we perceive ourselves as separate from our ancestors, the separation is a subjective experience which is true only in a temporally limited sense.
Every line of Repair, except two and six, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. This reminds us of the biblical curse:
For I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me. Exodus 20: 5
The father archetype has a wide range of meanings: this extends from the Primal Spirit ("God the Father"), to a prior cause or intent in the psyche which has engendered a present condition. Psychologically interpreted, it is this latter reading which usually applies. If a "father" symbolizes the cause, then a "son" is the effect. If the effect is imperfect, then to rectify it is also to rectify the original intent.
To a large extent our lives consist of well-intentioned but misguided choices which create less than perfect consequences. To modify our attitude or behavior so that it corrects errors in our original intent is to "deal with the troubles caused by the father."
For example: In a misconceived expression of affection, a parent allows his child unrestricted access to candy. As a consequence of this choice, the kid's teeth become rotten, and the only logical way to correct the original error is to now curtail his intake of sugar. The fact that this new choice will create stress in the relationship between parent and child is just a consequence of the original choice and has no bearing at all on what is correct in the situation.
In some situations this hexagram may be interpreted as a response to a karmic chain of cause and effect:
To harmonize with the Wisdom Teachings, the scripture should read that the karma of the "father" is visited upon the "child" unto the fourth incarnation, not generation. The mistakes you made in the last four incarnations may be visited upon you in the form of karma flowing out of the heart seed atom in the present incarnation. Thus what you "fathered," or created, in your last incarnation may be the source ("parent") of your karma today. You are a child of that parent today. You have inherited from that parent -- the you of the past, not your physical parents -- all of your characteristics, weaknesses and strengths. Earlyne Chaney -- The Mystery of Death and Dying
The interpretation of any oracle response can only be as profound as our minds are prepared to accept. As moderns we find it difficult to empathize with "ancestor worship," yet properly understood, it can provide useful insights into the Work. In the unconscious realm all time is immediate, not sequential, and the Objective Psyche consists of a non- temporal web of forces shading from personal to universal. This means that if we have a complex engendered in us by our father, for example, we can reasonably assume that he was passing on what he received from his own parents. In this way, the unresolved complexes of the ancestors shape our own personalities: they live in and through us right now, even if they had their birth in forefathers long forgotten. This is a kind of near-immortality: individuals may die, but beliefs, attitudes, complexes live as long as they have receptive vessels to inhabit. (This is probably the engine of karma.) To the extent that an ancestral chain of causality still motivates our choices, we are totally responsible for "setting right what has been spoiled by the father."
SUGGESTIONS FOR MEDITATION
Most people have some level of unfinished business with their parents: psychologists would have little to do if this weren't true. It can be a healing ritual to set up an altar to a deceased parent and meditate there on the stresses that still remain between you. To approach the situation without judgment, to realize (non-logically) that forces pre-existing you provoked the condition as much as your parent did, will elicit much insight. Be especially aware of the presence of the past and the illusion of linear time. (Is it possible somehow to be your own great-grandfather?) Ancestor “worship” of this sort can be profoundly therapeutic.
Line 2
Legge: The second line, dynamic, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his mother. He should not carry his firm correctness to the utmost.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Setting right what has been spoiled by the mother. One must not be too persevering.
Blofeld: Assuming responsibility for the mistakes of our mothers cannot be too serious.
Liu: In correcting the mistakes of the mother, one must not be too persistent.
Ritsema/Karcher: Managing the mother's Corrupting. Not permitting Trial.
Shaughnessy: The stem mother's branch; one may not determine.
Cleary (1): Correcting the degeneracy of the mother, it is improper to be righteous.
Wu: He attends to the affairs of his mother. He should not be insistent.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: In dealing with the troubles caused by his mother he holds to the course of the due mean. Wilhelm/Baynes: He finds the middle way. Blofeld: At best a middle course is advisable. Ritsema/Karcher: Acquiring centering tao indeed. Cleary (2): attaining balance. Wu: He proceeds with moderation.
Legge: The fifth line ruler is magnetic, while line two is dynamic. Thus the symbolism takes the form of a son dealing with the prevailing decay induced by his mother. But a son must be very gentle in all his dealings with his mother, and especially so when constrained by a sense of duty to oppose her course.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is gentle in dealing with his mother, even when duty bound to oppose her. When restoring what has been spoiled by weakness, gradualness is required.
Wing: You have become aware of past mistakes that must be rectified. Here you must proceed with great sensitivity, since the changes in your life could hurt those dear to you.
Editor: In psychological symbolism, a female represents emotional or feeling components within the psyche. A "mother" then, would be the source of an emotional attitude which, in the context of this hexagram, needs to be modified or changed. In correcting outmoded or inappropriate feelings one must proceed with care because emotional/instinctual forces cannot be altered as quickly as we can change our minds. (It is a commonplace in psychology that mental insights mean nothing if the emotions involved refuse to conform.) Often the line can refer to the proper way of responding to another's sensitive mood or attitude.
As in childhood development, which recapitulates human historical development in consciousness, the psychic detachment from the mother towards the father is intimately bound up with the growth of individuality. Consciousness strives to become separate from the maternal involvement, and aspires toward the outside world represented by the father. Gareth Knight -- A History of White Magic
A. Rectify an emotional response. Control your feelings, but don't crush them.
B. Be sensitive in the way you handle an emotional situation.
Line 3
Legge: The third line, dynamic, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. There may be some small occasion for repentance, but there will not be any great error.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Setting right what has been spoiled by the father. There will be a little remorse. No great blame.
Blofeld: Making ourselves responsible for the mistakes of our fathers may involve some regret but not much blame.
Liu: In correcting the mistakes of the father, there is slight remorse. No great blame.
Ritsema/Karcher: Managing the father's Corrupting. The small possesses repenting. Without the great: fault.
Shaughnessy: The stem father's branch; there is a little regret; there is no great trouble.
Cleary (1): Correcting the degeneracy of the father, there is a little regret but not much blame.
Wu: He attends to the affairs of his father. There will be small regrets, but no big error.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: In the end there will be no error. Wilhelm/Baynes: In the end there is no blame. Blofeld: In the end we shall be free from blame. Ritsema/Karcher: Completing without fault indeed. Cleary (2): In the end there is no blame. Wu: He will be blameless in the end.
Legge: Line three is dynamic, but not central, so that he might well go to excess in his efforts. But this tendency is counteracted by his place in the trigram of Humble Submission. (Pliancy.)
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man proceeds too energetically in correcting past errors. This results in some discord and distress. But a trifle too much energy is preferable to a trifle too little, and no great blame will ensue.
Wing: You are anxious to rectify the mistakes of the past and move vigorously into the future. Your actions may be hasty and you will be judged inconsiderate by others, but in the end you will not suffer for it.
Editor: The image suggests the normal rectification of an error.
Anyone who has ever been through such a psychic experience knows what an immense relief this can be, how much more bearable, for example, it is for a son to conceive the son-father problem no longer on the plane of individual guilt -- in relation, for example, to his own desire for his father's death, his aggressions and desires for revenge -- but as a problem of deliverance from the father, i.e., from a dominant principle of consciousness, that is no longer adequate for the son: a problem that concerns all men and has been disclosed in the myths and fairy tales as the slaying of the reigning old king and the son's accession to his throne. J. Jacobi -- Complex, Archetype, Symbol
A. Image of an easily rectified mistake.
23 Se séparer
Autres titres : Séparation, Le symbole de la Chute ou de l'Écorchement, Décollage, Décomposition, Écorchement, Dépouillement, Intrigue, Détérioration, Effondrement, Fracturation, Déchirure, Désintégration, Ruine, Effilochage, "Peut se référer à une séparation physique. Créer une base sécurisée." -- D.F. Hook
Jugement
Legge :Désintégration signifie qu'il n'est pas avantageux de se déplacer dans quelque direction que ce soit.
Wilhelm/Baynes :Séparation. Il n'est pas favorable d'aller nulle part.
Blofeld : Décollage. Actuellement, il n'y a pas de but (ou destination) qui puisse être recherché avec avantage. [Décollage dans le sens de se débarrasser des obstacles (ou des gêneurs) un par un. Les quatre premières lignes de cet hexagramme symbolisent un processus de libération progressive de tous ceux sur qui nous avons l'habitude de compter, car les forces des ténèbres sont en ascension et personne ne peut être digne de confiance. Cependant, à long terme, la vertu triomphe, comme l'indique la ligne cinq, et finalement nous sommes d'autant plus estimés pour notre constance, comme on peut le voir à partir de la ligne six.]
Liu : Décomposition. Il est défavorable d'entreprendre quoi que ce soit.
Ritsema/Karcher :Dépouillement pas de Récolte : posséder une direction. [Cet hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de quelque chose de dépassé ou usé. Il souligne que l'élimination de ce qui est devenu inutilisable est la manière adéquate de le gérer...]
Shaughnessy : Écorchement : Pas bénéfique d'avoir un endroit où aller.
Cleary (1) :Dépouillement ne rend pas bénéfique d'aller nulle part.
Cleary (2) : … Il n'est pas bénéfique, etc.
Wu : Déchirure indique qu'il n'est pas avantageux d'avoir une entreprise.
L'Image
Legge : L'image d'une montagne adhérant à la terre forme Désintégration. Les supérieurs renforcent donc leurs inférieurs pour assurer la paix et la stabilité de leur propre position.
Wilhelm/Baynes : La montagne repose sur la terre : l'image de Séparation. Ainsi, ceux d'en haut ne peuvent assurer leur position qu'en donnant généreusement à ceux d'en bas.
Blofeld : Cet hexagramme symbolise une montagne reposant sur la terre. Les véritables grands répandent la générosité sur ceux qui sont sous eux pour leur permettre de vivre en paix et confort. [Les trigrammes supérieur et inférieur, montagne et Terre, symbolisent l'Homme Supérieur et le peuple sous sa garde.]
Liu : La montagne se dresse sur la terre, symbolisant Décomposition. Ceux d'en haut devraient agir avec bienveillance envers ceux d'en bas. Alors il y aura paix et sécurité.
Ritsema/Karcher : Montagne adjacente à la terre. Dépouillement. Utiliser la munificence au-dessus pour apaiser la position en dessous.
Cleary (1) : Les montagnes sont jointes à la terre. Ceux d'en haut sécurisent leurs foyers par la gentillesse envers ceux d'en bas.
Wu : La montagne est subordonnée à la terre ; c'est Déchirure. Ainsi, ceux d'en haut traitent ceux d'en bas avec des récompenses libérales pour sécuriser leurs propres positions.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge :Désintégration signifie renverser ou être renversé : les lignes magnétiques attaquent la ligne dynamique en haut pour la changer en une d'elles-mêmes. Il est imprudent de se déplacer dans n'importe quelle direction car les éléments inférieurs augmentent maintenant en puissance. L'homme supérieur, observant cela, arrête tout mouvement en avant. Il se conforme à l'exigence du temps, réalisant que l'augmentation et la diminution, la maturité et la décomposition sont des rythmes cycliques.
Legge :Désintégration est le symbole de la chute ou de la cause de la chute, et se réfère au processus de décomposition ou de renversement dans les mondes naturel et politique. La figure se compose de cinq lignes yin en dessous et d'une ligne yang en haut. La décomposition a commencé en bas et s'est propagée vers le haut. L'hexagramme symbolise le neuvième mois lorsque l'été est passé et que l'année est sur le point de tomber dans les bras stériles de l'hiver. Dans le monde politique, les hommes inférieurs ont progressivement remplacé les bons hommes jusqu'à ce qu'il n'en reste qu'un. La leçon pour lui est d'attendre car le pouvoir opérant contre lui est trop fort. Finalement, un changement pour le mieux apparaîtra. L'image spécifique est celle d'un lit et de son occupant, et le symbolisme décrit les tentatives faites pour le renverser. Le trigramme inférieur de Docilité et le trigramme supérieur de Stabilité suggèrent à l'homme supérieur de la ligne six comment il peut mieux gérer les circonstances actuelles. La situation n'est pas désespérée -- l'hiver est suivi du printemps, la nuit par le jour, et la lune décroissante devient bientôt pleine à nouveau. Il en sera de même dans le cours des affaires humaines.
L'idée derrière l'Image est qu'une montagne a la terre pour fondation. Si la terre est épaisse, la montagne préserve sa hauteur. Il en est de même pour le souverain et le peuple.
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement :Désintégration signifie ne pas agir.
L'Homme Supérieur stabilise ses réponses et cherche la tranquillité.
Le vingt-troisième hexagramme est l'inverse deRetour, l'hexagramme qui le suit immédiatement. Chaque figure dépeint un pôle opposé dans une progression cyclique. Ici, l'ancien cycle s'est désintégré au point de dissolution. L'hexagramme suivant dépeint leRetour au début d'un nouveau cycle.
Les quatre premières lignes de Désintégration montrent l'érosion progressive d'une position ou d'un cadre de référence, symbolisé par un lit ou un canapé. Les forces inférieures rampent d'en bas comme des termites pour saper une base solide. La cinquième ligne montre un rassemblement de forces pour une transformation potentiellement positive, et la ligne supérieure suggère les premiers stades de cette transformation. L'implication est que les temps de désintégration ne doivent pas toujours être considérés comme négatifs, ou comme une conclusion inévitable. Nous avons encore le choix de modifier les conditions en notre faveur.
Que l'homme supérieur "renforce ses inférieurs" pour assurer la stabilité de sa position, signifie que l'on stabilise sa situation psychologique en désamorçant les causes de rébellion -- sauvegarder la fondation là où elle est faible. L'hexagramme numéro quarante-trois, Résolution, est une image négative de cette figure, et le message dans l'Image est très similaire : "L'homme supérieur ne thésaurise pas sa richesse, mais la partage avec ses subordonnés." L'idée est subtile -- cela ne signifie pas céder à vos faiblesses, mais les surveiller de manière encourageante afin qu'elles puissent se transformer en forces positives.
Chaque fois que nous allons suffisamment en profondeur vers le noyau d'une sous-personnalité, nous découvrons que le noyau -- qui est un besoin ou une envie fondamentale -- est bon. À des fins pratiques, cela peut être considéré comme un absolu. Peu importe combien de couches de distorsion peuvent l'entourer, le besoin fondamental, la motivation fondamentale, est bon -- et s'il devient tordu, c'est parce qu'il n'a pas pu s'exprimer directement. Le vrai noyau -- pas ce que la sous-personnalité veut, mais ce dont elle a besoin -- est bon. Un objectif fondamental de la phase de coordination est de découvrir cette envie ou besoin central, de le rendre conscient, et de trouver des moyens acceptables pour qu'il puisse être satisfait et comblé. Et, à condition que nous ayons suffisamment de compréhension et de compétence, il peut être satisfait -- sinon pleinement, du moins suffisamment pour maintenir le processus de croissance. James Vargiu -- Sous-personnalités