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Réparation18
Aborder les problèmes ; réparer ce qui a été négligé. Assumer la responsabilité de restaurer et d'améliorer.
↓ Line 4
Ignorer les erreurs passées conduit à l'embarras et à d'autres problèmes.
↓ Line 6
Viser des idéaux plus élevés plutôt que de chercher l'approbation des figures d'autorité.
↓ Durée32
La cohérence apporte l'endurance. Restez fidèle à votre chemin, créez des habitudes durables et cultivez la patience pour un succès durable.
Lectures originales
18 Réparation
Other titles: Work On What Has Been Spoiled, The Symbol of Destruction, Decay, Arresting of Decay, Work after Spoiling, Fixing, Rectifying, Corrupting, Branch, Degeneration, Misdeeds "Can refer to heredity and psychological traits.” -- D. F. Hook
Judgment
Legge: Successful progress is indicated for those who properly repair what has been spoiled. It is advantageous to cross the great stream. One should consider carefully the events three days before the turning point and the tasks remaining for three days afterward.
Wilhelm/Baynes:Work On What Has Been Spoiled has supreme success. It furthers one to cross the great water. Before the starting point, three days. After the starting point, three days.
Blofeld:Decay augurs sublime success and the advantage of crossing the great river (or sea). [I.e. of going on a journey or of going forward with one's plans.] What has happened once will surely happen again (literally, "three days before the commencement; three days after the commencement"). [It would have been hard to make sense of these words, were it not that the Confucian Commentary on the Text clearly explains them; hence the liberty I have taken with the Text.]
Liu: Work after spoiling. Great success. It is of benefit to cross the great water. Before starting, three days. After starting, three days. [This hexagram implies that, although conditions are bad now, improvement can be expected.]
Ritsema/Karcher: Corrupting, Spring Growing. Harvesting: wading the Great River. Before seedburst three days, after seedburst three days. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of disorder, perversion and putrefaction. It emphasizes that letting things rot away so they become obsolete is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Branch: Prime auspiciousness; receipt. Beneficial to ford the great river; preceding jia by three days, following jia by three days.
Cleary (1): Correcting degeneration is greatly developmental. It is beneficial to cross great rivers. Three days before the start, three days after the start. [The way to correct degeneracy is not in empty tranquility without action; it is necessary to work in the midst of great danger and difficulty, to act in the dragon’s pool and the tiger’s lair. Only then can one restore one’s original being, cultivating it into something indestructible.]
Cleary (2): From degeneration comes great development, etc.
Wu: Misdeeds is great and pervasive. It will be advantageous to cross the big river. It would be advisable to begin an undertaking three days before Jia and examine the ongoing progress three days thereafter.
The Image
Legge: The image of wind below the mountain forms Repair. The superior man, in accordance with this, stimulates the virtue of the people.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The wind blows low on the mountain: the image of Decay. Thus the superior man stirs up the people and strengthens their spirit.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes wind blowing at the foot of a mountain. The Superior Man, by stimulating people's hearts, nourishes their virtue.
Liu: Wind blowing around the foot of the mountain symbolizes Work after Spoiling. The superior man encourages people to cultivate virtue.
Ritsema/Karcher: Below mountain possessing wind. Corrupting. A chun tzu uses rousing the commoners to nurture actualizing-tao. [Actualize-tao: ...ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos... Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]
Cleary (1): There is wind in the mountains; degeneration. Thus superior people rouse the people and nurture virtue.
Cleary (2): … Leaders thus arouse the people to nurture virtue.
Wu: There is wind at the foot of the mountain; this is Misdeeds. Thus the jun zi arouses the people and nurtures his own virtue.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The dynamic trigram is above, and the magnetic trigram is below. Pliancy is below, and Stopping above: these suggest troubled conditions verging on ruin. But Repair brings order to all under heaven, and he who advances will encounter the business to be done. The end of confusion is the beginning of order; such is the procedure of heaven.
Legge: Repair means the performance of painful but necessary duties. It shows a situation in which things are going to ruin, as if through poison or venomous worms. In order to justify the auspice of progress and success, the duty of the figure is to rectify this and restore conditions to health. This will require a major effort, such as crossing the great stream, and the careful differentiation of the causes of the problem, as well as the measures taken to fix it. The attribute of the lower trigram is Pliancy, and the upper represents Stoppage or Arrest. Hence, the feeble pliancy of decadence is stopped cold by the immovable mountain. The three days before and after the turning point symbolize the careful attention and differentiation necessary for any rectification to succeed.
On the Image, Ch'eng-tzu says: "When the wind encounters the mountain, it is driven back, and the things about are all scattered in disorder; such is the emblem of the state denoted by Repair." The nourishing of virtue appears especially in line six -- all the other lines belong to the helping of the people.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Repair means to set your house in order. Analyze your choices before the renovation and evaluate their consequences afterward.
The Superior Man orders his thoughts and feelings, reforms old attitudes, and strengthens his will. (Psychologically, to "stimulate the virtue of the people" (Legge) is to rectify the components of a complex.)
To imagine any truly objective state of perception we must include all that exists: the entire cosmos. Each differentiation of this, from atom to galaxy, is one slice out of an infinite whole. As a portion of the entirety, we are always linked with our ancestors in an infinite web of relationships which includes our family history, our racial-cultural-historical heritage and Homo sapiens as a species. Though seldom aware of them, it is useful to remember these links. Emanating from an unfathomable complexity, their karmically-charged morphogenetic fields are constantly shaping our lives. It follows that, although we perceive ourselves as separate from our ancestors, the separation is a subjective experience which is true only in a temporally limited sense.
Every line of Repair, except two and six, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. This reminds us of the biblical curse:
For I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me. Exodus 20: 5
The father archetype has a wide range of meanings: this extends from the Primal Spirit ("God the Father"), to a prior cause or intent in the psyche which has engendered a present condition. Psychologically interpreted, it is this latter reading which usually applies. If a "father" symbolizes the cause, then a "son" is the effect. If the effect is imperfect, then to rectify it is also to rectify the original intent.
To a large extent our lives consist of well-intentioned but misguided choices which create less than perfect consequences. To modify our attitude or behavior so that it corrects errors in our original intent is to "deal with the troubles caused by the father."
For example: In a misconceived expression of affection, a parent allows his child unrestricted access to candy. As a consequence of this choice, the kid's teeth become rotten, and the only logical way to correct the original error is to now curtail his intake of sugar. The fact that this new choice will create stress in the relationship between parent and child is just a consequence of the original choice and has no bearing at all on what is correct in the situation.
In some situations this hexagram may be interpreted as a response to a karmic chain of cause and effect:
To harmonize with the Wisdom Teachings, the scripture should read that the karma of the "father" is visited upon the "child" unto the fourth incarnation, not generation. The mistakes you made in the last four incarnations may be visited upon you in the form of karma flowing out of the heart seed atom in the present incarnation. Thus what you "fathered," or created, in your last incarnation may be the source ("parent") of your karma today. You are a child of that parent today. You have inherited from that parent -- the you of the past, not your physical parents -- all of your characteristics, weaknesses and strengths. Earlyne Chaney -- The Mystery of Death and Dying
The interpretation of any oracle response can only be as profound as our minds are prepared to accept. As moderns we find it difficult to empathize with "ancestor worship," yet properly understood, it can provide useful insights into the Work. In the unconscious realm all time is immediate, not sequential, and the Objective Psyche consists of a non- temporal web of forces shading from personal to universal. This means that if we have a complex engendered in us by our father, for example, we can reasonably assume that he was passing on what he received from his own parents. In this way, the unresolved complexes of the ancestors shape our own personalities: they live in and through us right now, even if they had their birth in forefathers long forgotten. This is a kind of near-immortality: individuals may die, but beliefs, attitudes, complexes live as long as they have receptive vessels to inhabit. (This is probably the engine of karma.) To the extent that an ancestral chain of causality still motivates our choices, we are totally responsible for "setting right what has been spoiled by the father."
SUGGESTIONS FOR MEDITATION
Most people have some level of unfinished business with their parents: psychologists would have little to do if this weren't true. It can be a healing ritual to set up an altar to a deceased parent and meditate there on the stresses that still remain between you. To approach the situation without judgment, to realize (non-logically) that forces pre-existing you provoked the condition as much as your parent did, will elicit much insight. Be especially aware of the presence of the past and the illusion of linear time. (Is it possible somehow to be your own great-grandfather?) Ancestor “worship” of this sort can be profoundly therapeutic.
Line 4
Legge: The fourth line, magnetic, shows a son viewing indulgently the troubles caused by his father. If he goes forward, he will find cause to regret it.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Tolerating what has been spoiled by the father. In continuing one sees humiliation.
Blofeld: Tolerating the mistakes of our fathers would occasion us regret in the course of time.
Liu: Continuing to tolerate the mistakes of the father brings humiliation.
Ritsema/Karcher: Enriching the father's Corrupting. Going: visualizing abashment.
Shaughnessy: The bathed father's branch; going to see is distressful.
Cleary (1): Forgiving the degeneration of the father; if one goes on, there will be shame.
Cleary (2): Indulging the degeneration of the father, if you go on you will experience shame.
Wu: He shows compassion in the affairs of his father. If he attends to them, he will make error.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: If he advances he will not succeed. Wilhelm/Baynes: He goes, but as yet finds nothing. Blofeld: In that case, we should fail to rectify them. Ritsema/Karcher: Going: not-yet acquiring indeed. Cleary (2): If you go on you will not attain anything. Wu: He will have nothing to gain by attending to them.
Legge: Line four is magnetic in a magnetic place, which intensifies passivity. Hence the caution about going forward.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Indulgence of decay leads to regret.
Wing: The situation has been less than harmonious for quite some time, yet this condition of discord has been tolerated. Under these circumstances things will continue to degenerate.
Editor: Line four doesn't lend itself to the usual gender symbolism. The image is one of passive and permissive tolerance of error. To allow things to continue under these conditions will ensure that they get worse. The line can sometimes refer to a state of complacent ignorance of the true situation. If your assumptions are incorrect in the first place, then your query is by definition inappropriate: re-think the question to discover the error.
Psychic inertia is also evident in our resistance to any form of change in conditioned patterns, no matter how promising or favorable it may be. Any psychoanalyst knows from dealing with "resistance" that every basic psychological change entails a deathlike experience for the ego. New possibilities produce so much anxiety that the most destructive past adaptations seem safer and inspire more confidence. E. C. Whitmont -- The Symbolic Quest
A. Passive indulgence in an old weakness leads to failure.
B. You think things are OK, but they're not: rectify a past error.
C. "A stitch in time saves nine."
Line 6
Legge: The sixth line, dynamic, shows us one who does not serve either king or feudal lord, but in a lofty spirit prefers to attend to his own affairs.
Wilhelm/Baynes: He does not serve kings and princes, sets himself higher goals.
Blofeld: He does not serve the King or the nobles -- what he does is even loftier than that. [In other words, if we directly serve the will of heaven; by doing so we act as sages who may safely do whatever they feel is worth doing.]
Liu: By not serving kings and princes, one gains higher recognition.
Ritsema/Karcher: Not affairs, kingly feudatories. Honoring highness: one's affair.
Shaughnessy: Not serving king or lord, but highly elevating his virtue; inauspicious.
Cleary (1): Not serving kings and lords, one makes one’s concerns loftier.
Wu: He does not engage himself in the affairs of kings or princes. He keeps a lofty lifestyle of his own.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: But his aim may be a model to others. Wilhelm/Baynes: Such an attitude may be taken as a model. Blofeld: This indicates that our own will can be our law. [provided we are acting from the highest motives.] Ritsema/Karcher: Purpose permitted by-consequence indeed.
Cleary (2): One’s will can serve as a model. Wu: His aspiration will be admired.
Legge: Line six is dynamic, with no proper correlate below. Hence it suggests the idea of one outside the sphere of action who takes no part in public affairs, but cultivates himself instead.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man does not serve his lord, but lets the world go by and cultivates his own character in solitude. In so doing, however, he creates something valuable for the future of mankind.
Wing: It is possible for you to transcend the entire situation. You do not have to deal with the mundane details of specific social problems. Instead, you may concern yourself with universal goals and personal or spiritual development. Caution: Viewing the world with a cynical or condescending eye, however, will distort your growth, so watch your attitudes carefully.
Editor: One of the most important precepts of the Work is a clear recognition that you can only measure your position and progress against an inner standard. The expectations and apparent achievements of others count for absolutely nothing. You aren't running a race with the world, but striving to beat your own record. One who has taken responsibility for the Work must be prepared to go where its dictates demand, despite what is considered "normal" or "proper" according to contemporary standards. Ritsema/ Karcher's translation of the Confucian commentary ("Purpose permitted by-consequence indeed"), means that one's determination to go it alone is mandated by a deep inner principle. That such an idea occurs in the hexagram of Repair suggests bolstering one's resolve to accept this lonely burden. Blofeld's version of the Confucian commentary ("This indicates that our own will can be our law") is too easily perverted, even with his cautionary note.
Indeed the Gnostics knew something, and it was this: that human life does not fulfill its promise within the structure and establishments of society, for all of these are at best but shadowy projections of another and more fundamental reality. No one comes to his true selfhood by being what society wants him to be nor by doing what it wants him to do. Family, society, church, trade and profession, political and patriotic allegiances, as well as moral and ethical rules and commandments are, in reality, not in the least conducive to the true spiritual welfare of the human soul. On the contrary, they are more often than not the very shackles which keep us from our true spiritual destiny. S. A. Hoeller -- The Gnostic Jung
A. Your duty is to serve a transcendent ideal.
B. "Mind your own business."
32 Durée
Autres titres : Durée, Le Symbole de la Constance, La Longue Endurance, Constant, Persévérant, Tenir Bon, Continuité, Constance au Milieu du Changement, Tenir Ferme, "Mettez-vous dans une routine fixe comme les planètes en orbite." -- D.F. Hook
Jugement
Legge :La Consistance signifie un progrès réussi sans erreur grâce à une fermeté correcte. Le mouvement dans n'importe quelle direction est avantageux.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Durée. Succès. Pas de blâme. La persévérance est bénéfique. Il est avantageux d'avoir un endroit où aller.
Blofeld : La Longue Endurance. Succès et absence d'erreur ! La persistance juste apporte une récompense. Il est favorable d'avoir en vue un objectif ou une destination.
Liu :Durée. Succès. Pas de blâme. Il est bénéfique de continuer. Aller n'importe où est avantageux.
Ritsema/Karcher :Persévérant, Croissance. Sans faute. Récolter l'épreuve. Récolter : posséder une direction. [Cet hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de continuité et d'endurance. Il souligne que continuer et renouveler la voie que vous suivez est la manière adéquate de gérer la situation. Pour être en accord avec le temps, on vous dit de persévérer !]
Shaughnessy : Constance : Réception ; il n'y a pas de problème ; bénéfique de déterminer ; bénéfique d'avoir un endroit où aller.
Cleary (1) :Constance est développementale. Impeccable. Il est bénéfique d'être correct. Il est bénéfique d'avoir un endroit où aller.
Cleary (2) :Constance se manifeste sans faute, bénéfique dans la mesure où elle est correcte. Il est bénéfique d'avoir un endroit où aller.
Wu : Constance indique la pénétration. Il n'y aura pas de blâme. Elle indique également l'avantage d'être persévérant et d'avoir des entreprises.
L'Image
Legge : Tonnerre sur le vent -- l'image de la Consistance. L'homme supérieur reste ferme et ne change pas sa méthode d'opération.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Tonnerre et vent : l'image de la Durée. Ainsi l'homme supérieur reste ferme et ne change pas de direction.
Blofeld : Cet hexagramme symbolise le tonnerre accompagné de vent. L'Homme Supérieur reste si fermement qu'il ne peut être déraciné.
Liu : Le tonnerre et le vent symbolisent la Durée. L'homme supérieur reste ferme sans changer de direction.
Ritsema/Karcher : Tonnerre, vent, Persévérant. Un Chun tzu utilise l'établissement, pas la polyvalence de tous côtés.
Cleary (1) : Le tonnerre et le vent sont perpétuels. Ainsi la personne supérieure reste sans changer de place.
Cleary (2) : Le tonnerre et le vent sont constants; ainsi les personnes développées restent sans changer de place.
Wu : Une combinaison de tonnerre et de vent forme la Constance. Ainsi le jun zi s'établit en ne changeant pas de poste.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge : La Consistance signifie une longue continuité. Le trigramme dynamique du Tonnerre est au-dessus, et le trigramme magnétique du Vent est en dessous. La docilité et la force motrice sont en communication sympathique car leurs lignes dynamiques et magnétiques correspondent toutes. Lorsque la puissance motrice est épuisée, elle recommencera -- d'où le mouvement dans n'importe quelle direction est avantageux. Le soleil et la lune sont constants dans leur illumination, et les quatre saisons séquentielles sont constantes dans leurs cycles de croissance. Les sages sont constants dans leur travail et tout sous le ciel est transformé. Lorsque nous examinons cette persévérance constante, les tendances naturelles du ciel et de la terre sont révélées.
Legge : Le sujet de l'hexagramme est la persévérance dans ce qui est juste, ou dans l'action continue de la loi de son être. Il est vu comme une suite de l'hexagramme précédent,Initiative. Comme cette figure traite des relations correctes
entre mari et femme, cette figure traite de l'observance continue de leurs devoirs respectifs. Initiative se compose des trigrammes symbolisant le fils cadet et la fille cadette et montre comment l'attraction et l'influence entre les sexes sont les plus fortes chez les jeunes. La Consistance en revanche, se compose des trigrammes symbolisant le fils aîné et la fille aînée. Ce couple est plus posé. La femme occupe la place inférieure, et leur relation est caractérisée par sa soumission. Étant donné deux parties, une magnétique et une dynamique en corrélation, si les deux observent constamment ce qui est correct et naturel (c'est-à-dire la magnétique soumise et la dynamique ferme), alors la bonne fortune et le progrès peuvent être prédits pour leur parcours.
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : La volonté de maintenir la consistance du Travail assure le progrès dans n'importe quelle direction qu'il peut prendre.
L'Homme Supérieur s'en tient aux principes du Travail.
Le titre de Wilhelm pour cet hexagramme est Durée. Je pense que le mot Consistance évoque le mieux le sens de la figure. Dans une existence constituée de changements continus, les seules choses qui ont une durée sont les principes sur lesquels le changement est basé. Adhérer à ces principes, c'est maintenir la consistance. Implicite ici est un équilibre constant des forces. Consistance dans le Travail signifie ni action ni inaction constantes, mais une combinaison appropriée des deux principes selon les circonstances changeantes. Le commentaire confucéen fait allusion à cette caractéristique du Travail lorsqu'il mentionne le soleil, la lune et les saisons changeantes comme exemples de forces qui maintiennent leur consistance dans un contexte de changement continu.
Tout comme la lune la nuit reflète la lumière du soleil caché, ainsi dans le Travail l'ego est toujours magnétique par rapport au Soi dynamique. Une lune qui penserait qu'elle est la source de sa lumière serait gravement trompée, malgré les apparences superficielles ; de même l'ego qui pense que ses pouvoirs viennent d'ailleurs que du Soi.
Les motivations et les normes de choix ne sont pas inventées par l'ego mais sont structurées par l'actualisation des prédispositions archétypales à travers des normes de valeur personnellement acquises. E. C. Whitmont -- The Symbolic Quest
SUGGESTIONS POUR LA MÉDITATION
Notez que toutes les lignes de l'hexagramme sont généralement défavorables sauf deux et cinq, et que lorsqu'elles changent de place, l'hexagramme devient le numéro trente et un, Initiative. Il y a une leçon profonde ici qui est mieux appréciée en méditant sur les associations impliquées. Le fait que chaque hexagramme soit l'inverse de l'autre ne doit pas être oublié.