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Réparation18
Aborder les problèmes ; réparer ce qui a été négligé. Assumer la responsabilité de restaurer et d'améliorer.
↓ Line 2
Aborder les problèmes nécessite une approche douce ; une force excessive peut être contre-productive.
↓ Line 3
Assumer la responsabilité des erreurs passées entraîne de petits regrets mais évite de grandes fautes.
↓ Line 4
Ignorer les erreurs passées conduit à l'embarras et à d'autres problèmes.
↓ Progrès35
Le progrès et la clarté émergent. Avec effort et clarté, l'avancement est possible. Gardez l'honnêteté et l'intégrité au premier plan.
Lectures originales
18 Réparation
Other titles: Work On What Has Been Spoiled, The Symbol of Destruction, Decay, Arresting of Decay, Work after Spoiling, Fixing, Rectifying, Corrupting, Branch, Degeneration, Misdeeds "Can refer to heredity and psychological traits.” -- D. F. Hook
Judgment
Legge: Successful progress is indicated for those who properly repair what has been spoiled. It is advantageous to cross the great stream. One should consider carefully the events three days before the turning point and the tasks remaining for three days afterward.
Wilhelm/Baynes:Work On What Has Been Spoiled has supreme success. It furthers one to cross the great water. Before the starting point, three days. After the starting point, three days.
Blofeld:Decay augurs sublime success and the advantage of crossing the great river (or sea). [I.e. of going on a journey or of going forward with one's plans.] What has happened once will surely happen again (literally, "three days before the commencement; three days after the commencement"). [It would have been hard to make sense of these words, were it not that the Confucian Commentary on the Text clearly explains them; hence the liberty I have taken with the Text.]
Liu: Work after spoiling. Great success. It is of benefit to cross the great water. Before starting, three days. After starting, three days. [This hexagram implies that, although conditions are bad now, improvement can be expected.]
Ritsema/Karcher: Corrupting, Spring Growing. Harvesting: wading the Great River. Before seedburst three days, after seedburst three days. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of disorder, perversion and putrefaction. It emphasizes that letting things rot away so they become obsolete is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Branch: Prime auspiciousness; receipt. Beneficial to ford the great river; preceding jia by three days, following jia by three days.
Cleary (1): Correcting degeneration is greatly developmental. It is beneficial to cross great rivers. Three days before the start, three days after the start. [The way to correct degeneracy is not in empty tranquility without action; it is necessary to work in the midst of great danger and difficulty, to act in the dragon’s pool and the tiger’s lair. Only then can one restore one’s original being, cultivating it into something indestructible.]
Cleary (2): From degeneration comes great development, etc.
Wu: Misdeeds is great and pervasive. It will be advantageous to cross the big river. It would be advisable to begin an undertaking three days before Jia and examine the ongoing progress three days thereafter.
The Image
Legge: The image of wind below the mountain forms Repair. The superior man, in accordance with this, stimulates the virtue of the people.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The wind blows low on the mountain: the image of Decay. Thus the superior man stirs up the people and strengthens their spirit.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes wind blowing at the foot of a mountain. The Superior Man, by stimulating people's hearts, nourishes their virtue.
Liu: Wind blowing around the foot of the mountain symbolizes Work after Spoiling. The superior man encourages people to cultivate virtue.
Ritsema/Karcher: Below mountain possessing wind. Corrupting. A chun tzu uses rousing the commoners to nurture actualizing-tao. [Actualize-tao: ...ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos... Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]
Cleary (1): There is wind in the mountains; degeneration. Thus superior people rouse the people and nurture virtue.
Cleary (2): … Leaders thus arouse the people to nurture virtue.
Wu: There is wind at the foot of the mountain; this is Misdeeds. Thus the jun zi arouses the people and nurtures his own virtue.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The dynamic trigram is above, and the magnetic trigram is below. Pliancy is below, and Stopping above: these suggest troubled conditions verging on ruin. But Repair brings order to all under heaven, and he who advances will encounter the business to be done. The end of confusion is the beginning of order; such is the procedure of heaven.
Legge: Repair means the performance of painful but necessary duties. It shows a situation in which things are going to ruin, as if through poison or venomous worms. In order to justify the auspice of progress and success, the duty of the figure is to rectify this and restore conditions to health. This will require a major effort, such as crossing the great stream, and the careful differentiation of the causes of the problem, as well as the measures taken to fix it. The attribute of the lower trigram is Pliancy, and the upper represents Stoppage or Arrest. Hence, the feeble pliancy of decadence is stopped cold by the immovable mountain. The three days before and after the turning point symbolize the careful attention and differentiation necessary for any rectification to succeed.
On the Image, Ch'eng-tzu says: "When the wind encounters the mountain, it is driven back, and the things about are all scattered in disorder; such is the emblem of the state denoted by Repair." The nourishing of virtue appears especially in line six -- all the other lines belong to the helping of the people.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Repair means to set your house in order. Analyze your choices before the renovation and evaluate their consequences afterward.
The Superior Man orders his thoughts and feelings, reforms old attitudes, and strengthens his will. (Psychologically, to "stimulate the virtue of the people" (Legge) is to rectify the components of a complex.)
To imagine any truly objective state of perception we must include all that exists: the entire cosmos. Each differentiation of this, from atom to galaxy, is one slice out of an infinite whole. As a portion of the entirety, we are always linked with our ancestors in an infinite web of relationships which includes our family history, our racial-cultural-historical heritage and Homo sapiens as a species. Though seldom aware of them, it is useful to remember these links. Emanating from an unfathomable complexity, their karmically-charged morphogenetic fields are constantly shaping our lives. It follows that, although we perceive ourselves as separate from our ancestors, the separation is a subjective experience which is true only in a temporally limited sense.
Every line of Repair, except two and six, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. This reminds us of the biblical curse:
For I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me. Exodus 20: 5
The father archetype has a wide range of meanings: this extends from the Primal Spirit ("God the Father"), to a prior cause or intent in the psyche which has engendered a present condition. Psychologically interpreted, it is this latter reading which usually applies. If a "father" symbolizes the cause, then a "son" is the effect. If the effect is imperfect, then to rectify it is also to rectify the original intent.
To a large extent our lives consist of well-intentioned but misguided choices which create less than perfect consequences. To modify our attitude or behavior so that it corrects errors in our original intent is to "deal with the troubles caused by the father."
For example: In a misconceived expression of affection, a parent allows his child unrestricted access to candy. As a consequence of this choice, the kid's teeth become rotten, and the only logical way to correct the original error is to now curtail his intake of sugar. The fact that this new choice will create stress in the relationship between parent and child is just a consequence of the original choice and has no bearing at all on what is correct in the situation.
In some situations this hexagram may be interpreted as a response to a karmic chain of cause and effect:
To harmonize with the Wisdom Teachings, the scripture should read that the karma of the "father" is visited upon the "child" unto the fourth incarnation, not generation. The mistakes you made in the last four incarnations may be visited upon you in the form of karma flowing out of the heart seed atom in the present incarnation. Thus what you "fathered," or created, in your last incarnation may be the source ("parent") of your karma today. You are a child of that parent today. You have inherited from that parent -- the you of the past, not your physical parents -- all of your characteristics, weaknesses and strengths. Earlyne Chaney -- The Mystery of Death and Dying
The interpretation of any oracle response can only be as profound as our minds are prepared to accept. As moderns we find it difficult to empathize with "ancestor worship," yet properly understood, it can provide useful insights into the Work. In the unconscious realm all time is immediate, not sequential, and the Objective Psyche consists of a non- temporal web of forces shading from personal to universal. This means that if we have a complex engendered in us by our father, for example, we can reasonably assume that he was passing on what he received from his own parents. In this way, the unresolved complexes of the ancestors shape our own personalities: they live in and through us right now, even if they had their birth in forefathers long forgotten. This is a kind of near-immortality: individuals may die, but beliefs, attitudes, complexes live as long as they have receptive vessels to inhabit. (This is probably the engine of karma.) To the extent that an ancestral chain of causality still motivates our choices, we are totally responsible for "setting right what has been spoiled by the father."
SUGGESTIONS FOR MEDITATION
Most people have some level of unfinished business with their parents: psychologists would have little to do if this weren't true. It can be a healing ritual to set up an altar to a deceased parent and meditate there on the stresses that still remain between you. To approach the situation without judgment, to realize (non-logically) that forces pre-existing you provoked the condition as much as your parent did, will elicit much insight. Be especially aware of the presence of the past and the illusion of linear time. (Is it possible somehow to be your own great-grandfather?) Ancestor “worship” of this sort can be profoundly therapeutic.
Line 2
Legge: The second line, dynamic, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his mother. He should not carry his firm correctness to the utmost.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Setting right what has been spoiled by the mother. One must not be too persevering.
Blofeld: Assuming responsibility for the mistakes of our mothers cannot be too serious.
Liu: In correcting the mistakes of the mother, one must not be too persistent.
Ritsema/Karcher: Managing the mother's Corrupting. Not permitting Trial.
Shaughnessy: The stem mother's branch; one may not determine.
Cleary (1): Correcting the degeneracy of the mother, it is improper to be righteous.
Wu: He attends to the affairs of his mother. He should not be insistent.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: In dealing with the troubles caused by his mother he holds to the course of the due mean. Wilhelm/Baynes: He finds the middle way. Blofeld: At best a middle course is advisable. Ritsema/Karcher: Acquiring centering tao indeed. Cleary (2): attaining balance. Wu: He proceeds with moderation.
Legge: The fifth line ruler is magnetic, while line two is dynamic. Thus the symbolism takes the form of a son dealing with the prevailing decay induced by his mother. But a son must be very gentle in all his dealings with his mother, and especially so when constrained by a sense of duty to oppose her course.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is gentle in dealing with his mother, even when duty bound to oppose her. When restoring what has been spoiled by weakness, gradualness is required.
Wing: You have become aware of past mistakes that must be rectified. Here you must proceed with great sensitivity, since the changes in your life could hurt those dear to you.
Editor: In psychological symbolism, a female represents emotional or feeling components within the psyche. A "mother" then, would be the source of an emotional attitude which, in the context of this hexagram, needs to be modified or changed. In correcting outmoded or inappropriate feelings one must proceed with care because emotional/instinctual forces cannot be altered as quickly as we can change our minds. (It is a commonplace in psychology that mental insights mean nothing if the emotions involved refuse to conform.) Often the line can refer to the proper way of responding to another's sensitive mood or attitude.
As in childhood development, which recapitulates human historical development in consciousness, the psychic detachment from the mother towards the father is intimately bound up with the growth of individuality. Consciousness strives to become separate from the maternal involvement, and aspires toward the outside world represented by the father. Gareth Knight -- A History of White Magic
A. Rectify an emotional response. Control your feelings, but don't crush them.
B. Be sensitive in the way you handle an emotional situation.
Line 3
Legge: The third line, dynamic, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. There may be some small occasion for repentance, but there will not be any great error.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Setting right what has been spoiled by the father. There will be a little remorse. No great blame.
Blofeld: Making ourselves responsible for the mistakes of our fathers may involve some regret but not much blame.
Liu: In correcting the mistakes of the father, there is slight remorse. No great blame.
Ritsema/Karcher: Managing the father's Corrupting. The small possesses repenting. Without the great: fault.
Shaughnessy: The stem father's branch; there is a little regret; there is no great trouble.
Cleary (1): Correcting the degeneracy of the father, there is a little regret but not much blame.
Wu: He attends to the affairs of his father. There will be small regrets, but no big error.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: In the end there will be no error. Wilhelm/Baynes: In the end there is no blame. Blofeld: In the end we shall be free from blame. Ritsema/Karcher: Completing without fault indeed. Cleary (2): In the end there is no blame. Wu: He will be blameless in the end.
Legge: Line three is dynamic, but not central, so that he might well go to excess in his efforts. But this tendency is counteracted by his place in the trigram of Humble Submission. (Pliancy.)
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man proceeds too energetically in correcting past errors. This results in some discord and distress. But a trifle too much energy is preferable to a trifle too little, and no great blame will ensue.
Wing: You are anxious to rectify the mistakes of the past and move vigorously into the future. Your actions may be hasty and you will be judged inconsiderate by others, but in the end you will not suffer for it.
Editor: The image suggests the normal rectification of an error.
Anyone who has ever been through such a psychic experience knows what an immense relief this can be, how much more bearable, for example, it is for a son to conceive the son-father problem no longer on the plane of individual guilt -- in relation, for example, to his own desire for his father's death, his aggressions and desires for revenge -- but as a problem of deliverance from the father, i.e., from a dominant principle of consciousness, that is no longer adequate for the son: a problem that concerns all men and has been disclosed in the myths and fairy tales as the slaying of the reigning old king and the son's accession to his throne. J. Jacobi -- Complex, Archetype, Symbol
A. Image of an easily rectified mistake.
Line 4
Legge: The fourth line, magnetic, shows a son viewing indulgently the troubles caused by his father. If he goes forward, he will find cause to regret it.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Tolerating what has been spoiled by the father. In continuing one sees humiliation.
Blofeld: Tolerating the mistakes of our fathers would occasion us regret in the course of time.
Liu: Continuing to tolerate the mistakes of the father brings humiliation.
Ritsema/Karcher: Enriching the father's Corrupting. Going: visualizing abashment.
Shaughnessy: The bathed father's branch; going to see is distressful.
Cleary (1): Forgiving the degeneration of the father; if one goes on, there will be shame.
Cleary (2): Indulging the degeneration of the father, if you go on you will experience shame.
Wu: He shows compassion in the affairs of his father. If he attends to them, he will make error.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: If he advances he will not succeed. Wilhelm/Baynes: He goes, but as yet finds nothing. Blofeld: In that case, we should fail to rectify them. Ritsema/Karcher: Going: not-yet acquiring indeed. Cleary (2): If you go on you will not attain anything. Wu: He will have nothing to gain by attending to them.
Legge: Line four is magnetic in a magnetic place, which intensifies passivity. Hence the caution about going forward.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Indulgence of decay leads to regret.
Wing: The situation has been less than harmonious for quite some time, yet this condition of discord has been tolerated. Under these circumstances things will continue to degenerate.
Editor: Line four doesn't lend itself to the usual gender symbolism. The image is one of passive and permissive tolerance of error. To allow things to continue under these conditions will ensure that they get worse. The line can sometimes refer to a state of complacent ignorance of the true situation. If your assumptions are incorrect in the first place, then your query is by definition inappropriate: re-think the question to discover the error.
Psychic inertia is also evident in our resistance to any form of change in conditioned patterns, no matter how promising or favorable it may be. Any psychoanalyst knows from dealing with "resistance" that every basic psychological change entails a deathlike experience for the ego. New possibilities produce so much anxiety that the most destructive past adaptations seem safer and inspire more confidence. E. C. Whitmont -- The Symbolic Quest
A. Passive indulgence in an old weakness leads to failure.
B. You think things are OK, but they're not: rectify a past error.
C. "A stitch in time saves nine."
35 Progrès
Autres titres : Progrès, Prospérité, Le Symbole de l'Avancement, Avancer, Avancement, Faire des Progrès, Comprendre l'Idée, "Vient l'Aube"
Jugement
Legge : Dans Avancement de la Conscience, nous voyons un prince qui assure la tranquillité du peuple, présenté à ce titre avec de nombreux chevaux par le roi, et reçu trois fois par jour en entretiens.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Progrès. Le puissant prince est honoré avec de nombreux chevaux. En une seule journée, il est reçu en audience trois fois.
Blofeld : Progrès. Le prince richement doté reçoit des faveurs royales sous forme de nombreux chevaux et est reçu en audience trois fois en une seule journée. [Ce passage indique un grand mérite richement récompensé.]
Liu : Le Marquis K'ang (riche, puissant, en bonne santé) est doté de nombreux chevaux par le roi, qui le reçoit trois fois en une seule journée.
Ritsema/Karcher : Prospérité, le feudataire calme profite de l'octroi de chevaux pour multiplier les multitudes. Soleil de jour trois fois réfléchi. [Ce hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de prospérité sous la pleine lumière du soleil. Il souligne que contribuer à cette augmentation en aidant les choses à prospérer est la manière adéquate de la gérer...]
Shaughnessy : Le Seigneur de Kang est ainsi récompensé par des chevaux en nombre luxuriant, se connectant trois fois en plein jour.
Cleary (1) :Avancement, un seigneur solidement établi présente de nombreux chevaux, et accorde audience trois fois par jour.
Cleary (2) : Avancement, un seigneur solidement établi est présenté avec, etc.
Wu : Avancement indique que le prince qui a assuré la paix et la prospérité de l'État est doté de nombreux chevaux de qualité. Le roi lui accorde audience trois fois en une journée.
L'Image
Legge : L'image de la terre et celle du soleil brillant émergeant au-dessus d'elle forment Avancement de la Conscience. L'homme supérieur, en accord avec cela, s'engage à rendre plus brillante sa vertu éclatante.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Le soleil se lève sur la terre : l'image du Progrès. Ainsi l'homme supérieur lui-même éclaire sa vertu éclatante.
Blofeld : Ce hexagramme symbolise le feu flamboyant de la terre. L'Homme Supérieur reflète en sa personne la gloire de la vertu céleste.
Liu : Le soleil se levant au-dessus de la terre est le symbole du Progrès. Ainsi l'homme supérieur éclaire son caractère.
Ritsema/Karcher : La clarté émerge au-dessus de la terre. Prospérité. Un chun tzu utilise l'éclairage originel pour éclairer l'actualisation-tao. [Actualiser-tao : ...capacité à suivre le cours tracé par le processus continu du cosmos... Lié à acquérir, TE : acquérir ce qui fait qu'un être devient ce qu'il est censé être.]
Cleary (1) : La lumière émerge au-dessus de la terre, avancement. Ainsi les personnes supérieures s'illuminent elles-mêmes de la qualité de l'éveil.
Cleary (2) : La lumière émerge au-dessus du sol, avancement. Les personnes développées illuminent la qualité de l'éveil par elles-mêmes.
Wu : La clarté s'élève au-dessus de la terre ; c'est Avancement. Ainsi le jun zi garde sa vertu éclatante brillante.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge : Dans Avancement de la Conscience nous avons le soleil brillant apparaissant au-dessus de la terre ; le symbole de la Soumission Docile s'attachant à celui de la Grande Clarté ; et la ligne magnétique avancée et se déplaçant au-dessus : toutes ces choses nous donnent l'idée d'un prince qui assure la tranquillité du peuple.
Legge : Le sujet du Jugement est un prince féodal dont les services à son pays l'ont rendu acceptable à son roi. La faveur du roi lui a été montrée par des cadeaux et des attentions personnelles. Le symbolisme des lignes indique les situations rencontrées par le prince. Le caractère écrit pour ce hexagramme signifie "avancer", une qualité qu'il partage avec les hexagrammes numéro quarante-six, Ascension, et numéro cinquante-trois, Progrès Graduel. Dans le cas présent, le soleil montant de la terre au méridien suggère facilement l'idée d'avancer.
Hu Ping-wen (dynastie Yuan) dit : "Parmi les choses fortes, il n'y a rien de plus fort que le Ciel, et donc l'homme supérieur se modèle sur sa force. Parmi les choses brillantes, il n'y a rien de plus brillant que le soleil, et il se modèle sur sa clarté."
Anthony : Ce hexagramme concerne le développement personnel qui produit des progrès dans notre situation de vie externe. Si nous ne progressons pas, nous devrions revoir notre attitude. Certaines idées largement acceptées peuvent être décadentes du point de vue du Sage, et donc obstruer le progrès. [Le "Sage" d'Anthony est conceptuellement identique au "Soi. -- Ed.]
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : Lorsque les manifestations autonomes de nos pulsions intérieures sont canalisées, leur énergie devient celle de l'ego. (Interprété psychologiquement : Ego et Soi sont en accord.)
L'Homme Supérieur concentre sa conscience sur le perfectionnement de l'Œuvre. (Parfois, cela peut prendre le sens de : "Devenir sage !")
Le trigramme de la Clarté en progression sur celui de la Docilité donne la formule pour un Avancement de la Conscience. La soumission de l'ego aux restrictions de l'Œuvre, et la soumission tranquille conséquente de ses pulsions, appétits et impulsions agités, aboutit finalement à un flux d'énergie concentré de l'intérieur. (Après des années d'effort, cela est parfois ressenti physiquement comme une sensation rayonnante émanant de la poitrine, ou de la région du cœur.) Recevoir cette figure sans lignes changeantes ne signifie pas nécessairement que l'on a atteint cette phase de l'Œuvre, mais cela suggère un progrès dans cette direction. Le nom traditionnel de ce hexagramme est, en fait : Progrès.
Le roi offrant des chevaux au prince en récompense pour avoir pacifié le royaume est analogue au Soi récompensant l'ego pour avoir contrôlé les forces autonomes au sein de la psyché. C'est une discipline essentiellement chamanique : les "chevaux" symbolisent les pulsions et émotions apprivoisées. De telles circonstances indiquent un Avancement de la Conscience ou une progression vers le but de "l'éveil" ou de l'intégration psychique, symbolisé par le soleil traversant la terre.
Cet état de dynamisme de la vie dans lequel la conscience se réalise comme une personnalité divisée et séparée qui aspire et s'efforce vers l'union avec son partenaire inconnu et inconnaissable, le Soi, Jung l'a appelé le processus d'individuation. C'est un effort conscient pour devenir ce que l'on "est" ou plutôt "est censé être." E.C. Whitmont -- La Quête Symbolique
La dernière phrase de la citation ci-dessus est exactement analogue à la traduction de Ritsema/Karcher de l'Image de ce hexagramme, où l'homme supérieur (chun tzu) "utilise l'éclairage originel pour éclairer l'actualisation-tao."
"Actualisation-tao" est la "capacité à suivre le cours tracé par le processus continu du cosmos... Lié à acquérir, TE : acquérir ce qui fait qu'un être devient ce qu'il est censé être."
Interprété psychologiquement alors, ce hexagramme aborde divers thèmes rencontrés au cours du processus d'individuation, qui n'est rien d'autre qu'un Avancement de la Conscience.
La phrase clé dans le Jugement de Legge est "la tranquillité du peuple." Il est relativement facile de sublimer ses pulsions, tout en ressentant encore du ressentiment à ce sujet -- en effet, c'est la forme que prend normalement le processus au début de l'Œuvre. Nos forces intérieures sont comme des enfants ou des animaux qui doivent apprendre à accepter les restrictions de la discipline. Une fois qu'ils l'ont acceptée et ont cessé de la ressentir (c'est-à-dire une fois qu'ils sont devenus "tranquilles"), ils sont prêts à être utiles aux intentions du Soi.
Par exemple : un chien non dressé poursuivra et tuera instinctivement des moutons s'il en a l'occasion ; d'autre part, un chien correctement dressé rassemblera et contrôlera un troupeau de moutons même en l'absence de son maître. Quiconque a observé un chien de berger dressé en action sait quels exploits étonnants ils accomplissent avec une grande joie dans la performance. Ils sont "tranquilles" dans leur rôle, et protégeront même les moutons des chiens non dressés qui les tueraient. Lorsque nos instincts ont appris à accepter tranquillement la discipline, ils sont prêts à nous aider dans les niveaux supérieurs de l'Œuvre. Jusqu'à ce moment, l'Œuvre consiste en grande partie à "dresser le chien." L'analogie est appropriée, car tout comme un chien non dressé n'est jamais aussi heureux dans sa volonté qu'un chien bien dressé dans son but, de même la permissivité indisciplinée ne peut se comparer aux joies du pouvoir contrôlé et de l'intention focalisée.