Jurer abondamment
On cite plusieurs expressions destinées à exprimer sa détresse. taoscopy.com
Réparation18
Aborder les problèmes ; réparer ce qui a été négligé. Assumer la responsabilité de restaurer et d'améliorer.
↓ Line 3
Assumer la responsabilité des erreurs passées entraîne de petits regrets mais évite de grandes fautes.
↓ Line 5
Corriger les erreurs passées mérite respect et éloge.
↓ Dispersion59
Adaptez-vous aux situations en abandonnant la rigidité ; dissoudre les obstacles par l'ouverture et la flexibilité.
Lectures originales
18 Réparation
Other titles: Work On What Has Been Spoiled, The Symbol of Destruction, Decay, Arresting of Decay, Work after Spoiling, Fixing, Rectifying, Corrupting, Branch, Degeneration, Misdeeds "Can refer to heredity and psychological traits.” -- D. F. Hook
Judgment
Legge: Successful progress is indicated for those who properly repair what has been spoiled. It is advantageous to cross the great stream. One should consider carefully the events three days before the turning point and the tasks remaining for three days afterward.
Wilhelm/Baynes:Work On What Has Been Spoiled has supreme success. It furthers one to cross the great water. Before the starting point, three days. After the starting point, three days.
Blofeld:Decay augurs sublime success and the advantage of crossing the great river (or sea). [I.e. of going on a journey or of going forward with one's plans.] What has happened once will surely happen again (literally, "three days before the commencement; three days after the commencement"). [It would have been hard to make sense of these words, were it not that the Confucian Commentary on the Text clearly explains them; hence the liberty I have taken with the Text.]
Liu: Work after spoiling. Great success. It is of benefit to cross the great water. Before starting, three days. After starting, three days. [This hexagram implies that, although conditions are bad now, improvement can be expected.]
Ritsema/Karcher: Corrupting, Spring Growing. Harvesting: wading the Great River. Before seedburst three days, after seedburst three days. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of disorder, perversion and putrefaction. It emphasizes that letting things rot away so they become obsolete is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Branch: Prime auspiciousness; receipt. Beneficial to ford the great river; preceding jia by three days, following jia by three days.
Cleary (1): Correcting degeneration is greatly developmental. It is beneficial to cross great rivers. Three days before the start, three days after the start. [The way to correct degeneracy is not in empty tranquility without action; it is necessary to work in the midst of great danger and difficulty, to act in the dragon’s pool and the tiger’s lair. Only then can one restore one’s original being, cultivating it into something indestructible.]
Cleary (2): From degeneration comes great development, etc.
Wu: Misdeeds is great and pervasive. It will be advantageous to cross the big river. It would be advisable to begin an undertaking three days before Jia and examine the ongoing progress three days thereafter.
The Image
Legge: The image of wind below the mountain forms Repair. The superior man, in accordance with this, stimulates the virtue of the people.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The wind blows low on the mountain: the image of Decay. Thus the superior man stirs up the people and strengthens their spirit.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes wind blowing at the foot of a mountain. The Superior Man, by stimulating people's hearts, nourishes their virtue.
Liu: Wind blowing around the foot of the mountain symbolizes Work after Spoiling. The superior man encourages people to cultivate virtue.
Ritsema/Karcher: Below mountain possessing wind. Corrupting. A chun tzu uses rousing the commoners to nurture actualizing-tao. [Actualize-tao: ...ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos... Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]
Cleary (1): There is wind in the mountains; degeneration. Thus superior people rouse the people and nurture virtue.
Cleary (2): … Leaders thus arouse the people to nurture virtue.
Wu: There is wind at the foot of the mountain; this is Misdeeds. Thus the jun zi arouses the people and nurtures his own virtue.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The dynamic trigram is above, and the magnetic trigram is below. Pliancy is below, and Stopping above: these suggest troubled conditions verging on ruin. But Repair brings order to all under heaven, and he who advances will encounter the business to be done. The end of confusion is the beginning of order; such is the procedure of heaven.
Legge: Repair means the performance of painful but necessary duties. It shows a situation in which things are going to ruin, as if through poison or venomous worms. In order to justify the auspice of progress and success, the duty of the figure is to rectify this and restore conditions to health. This will require a major effort, such as crossing the great stream, and the careful differentiation of the causes of the problem, as well as the measures taken to fix it. The attribute of the lower trigram is Pliancy, and the upper represents Stoppage or Arrest. Hence, the feeble pliancy of decadence is stopped cold by the immovable mountain. The three days before and after the turning point symbolize the careful attention and differentiation necessary for any rectification to succeed.
On the Image, Ch'eng-tzu says: "When the wind encounters the mountain, it is driven back, and the things about are all scattered in disorder; such is the emblem of the state denoted by Repair." The nourishing of virtue appears especially in line six -- all the other lines belong to the helping of the people.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Repair means to set your house in order. Analyze your choices before the renovation and evaluate their consequences afterward.
The Superior Man orders his thoughts and feelings, reforms old attitudes, and strengthens his will. (Psychologically, to "stimulate the virtue of the people" (Legge) is to rectify the components of a complex.)
To imagine any truly objective state of perception we must include all that exists: the entire cosmos. Each differentiation of this, from atom to galaxy, is one slice out of an infinite whole. As a portion of the entirety, we are always linked with our ancestors in an infinite web of relationships which includes our family history, our racial-cultural-historical heritage and Homo sapiens as a species. Though seldom aware of them, it is useful to remember these links. Emanating from an unfathomable complexity, their karmically-charged morphogenetic fields are constantly shaping our lives. It follows that, although we perceive ourselves as separate from our ancestors, the separation is a subjective experience which is true only in a temporally limited sense.
Every line of Repair, except two and six, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. This reminds us of the biblical curse:
For I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me. Exodus 20: 5
The father archetype has a wide range of meanings: this extends from the Primal Spirit ("God the Father"), to a prior cause or intent in the psyche which has engendered a present condition. Psychologically interpreted, it is this latter reading which usually applies. If a "father" symbolizes the cause, then a "son" is the effect. If the effect is imperfect, then to rectify it is also to rectify the original intent.
To a large extent our lives consist of well-intentioned but misguided choices which create less than perfect consequences. To modify our attitude or behavior so that it corrects errors in our original intent is to "deal with the troubles caused by the father."
For example: In a misconceived expression of affection, a parent allows his child unrestricted access to candy. As a consequence of this choice, the kid's teeth become rotten, and the only logical way to correct the original error is to now curtail his intake of sugar. The fact that this new choice will create stress in the relationship between parent and child is just a consequence of the original choice and has no bearing at all on what is correct in the situation.
In some situations this hexagram may be interpreted as a response to a karmic chain of cause and effect:
To harmonize with the Wisdom Teachings, the scripture should read that the karma of the "father" is visited upon the "child" unto the fourth incarnation, not generation. The mistakes you made in the last four incarnations may be visited upon you in the form of karma flowing out of the heart seed atom in the present incarnation. Thus what you "fathered," or created, in your last incarnation may be the source ("parent") of your karma today. You are a child of that parent today. You have inherited from that parent -- the you of the past, not your physical parents -- all of your characteristics, weaknesses and strengths. Earlyne Chaney -- The Mystery of Death and Dying
The interpretation of any oracle response can only be as profound as our minds are prepared to accept. As moderns we find it difficult to empathize with "ancestor worship," yet properly understood, it can provide useful insights into the Work. In the unconscious realm all time is immediate, not sequential, and the Objective Psyche consists of a non- temporal web of forces shading from personal to universal. This means that if we have a complex engendered in us by our father, for example, we can reasonably assume that he was passing on what he received from his own parents. In this way, the unresolved complexes of the ancestors shape our own personalities: they live in and through us right now, even if they had their birth in forefathers long forgotten. This is a kind of near-immortality: individuals may die, but beliefs, attitudes, complexes live as long as they have receptive vessels to inhabit. (This is probably the engine of karma.) To the extent that an ancestral chain of causality still motivates our choices, we are totally responsible for "setting right what has been spoiled by the father."
SUGGESTIONS FOR MEDITATION
Most people have some level of unfinished business with their parents: psychologists would have little to do if this weren't true. It can be a healing ritual to set up an altar to a deceased parent and meditate there on the stresses that still remain between you. To approach the situation without judgment, to realize (non-logically) that forces pre-existing you provoked the condition as much as your parent did, will elicit much insight. Be especially aware of the presence of the past and the illusion of linear time. (Is it possible somehow to be your own great-grandfather?) Ancestor “worship” of this sort can be profoundly therapeutic.
Line 3
Legge: The third line, dynamic, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. There may be some small occasion for repentance, but there will not be any great error.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Setting right what has been spoiled by the father. There will be a little remorse. No great blame.
Blofeld: Making ourselves responsible for the mistakes of our fathers may involve some regret but not much blame.
Liu: In correcting the mistakes of the father, there is slight remorse. No great blame.
Ritsema/Karcher: Managing the father's Corrupting. The small possesses repenting. Without the great: fault.
Shaughnessy: The stem father's branch; there is a little regret; there is no great trouble.
Cleary (1): Correcting the degeneracy of the father, there is a little regret but not much blame.
Wu: He attends to the affairs of his father. There will be small regrets, but no big error.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: In the end there will be no error. Wilhelm/Baynes: In the end there is no blame. Blofeld: In the end we shall be free from blame. Ritsema/Karcher: Completing without fault indeed. Cleary (2): In the end there is no blame. Wu: He will be blameless in the end.
Legge: Line three is dynamic, but not central, so that he might well go to excess in his efforts. But this tendency is counteracted by his place in the trigram of Humble Submission. (Pliancy.)
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man proceeds too energetically in correcting past errors. This results in some discord and distress. But a trifle too much energy is preferable to a trifle too little, and no great blame will ensue.
Wing: You are anxious to rectify the mistakes of the past and move vigorously into the future. Your actions may be hasty and you will be judged inconsiderate by others, but in the end you will not suffer for it.
Editor: The image suggests the normal rectification of an error.
Anyone who has ever been through such a psychic experience knows what an immense relief this can be, how much more bearable, for example, it is for a son to conceive the son-father problem no longer on the plane of individual guilt -- in relation, for example, to his own desire for his father's death, his aggressions and desires for revenge -- but as a problem of deliverance from the father, i.e., from a dominant principle of consciousness, that is no longer adequate for the son: a problem that concerns all men and has been disclosed in the myths and fairy tales as the slaying of the reigning old king and the son's accession to his throne. J. Jacobi -- Complex, Archetype, Symbol
A. Image of an easily rectified mistake.
Line 5
Legge: The fifth line, magnetic, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. He obtains the praise of using the fit instrument for his work.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Setting right what has been spoiled by the father. One meets with praise.
Blofeld: Assuming responsibility for the mistakes of our fathers will win us praise.
Liu: Correcting the mistakes of the father leads to recognition.
Ritsema/Karcher: Managing the father's Corrupting. Availing- of praise.
Shaughnessy: The stem father's branch; use a cart.
Cleary (1): Correcting the degeneracy of the father, using praise.
Cleary (2): Dealing with the degeneration of the father, the action is praised.
Wu: He attends to the affairs of his father. He has reputation at his disposal.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: He is responded to by the second line with all of his virtue. Wilhelm/Baynes: He receives him in virtue. Blofeld: Because to take them upon ourselves is a virtue. Ritsema/Karcher: Receiving uses actualizing-tao indeed. [Actualize-tao: Ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos ... Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]Cleary (2): Because one takes up after him with virtue. Wu: He succeeds with virtue.
Legge: The magnetic fifth line is the seat of the ruler, but its proper correlate is the dynamic second line -- the strong minister to whom the work of the hexagram is delegated.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: With the assistance of able helpers, the man reverses the process of decay of former times. He is praised for it.
Wing: You are in a position to assume the responsibility for a long-needed reform. Do it. Those around you will be supportive of your efforts and you will be honored with praise and recognition.
Editor: Line five does not lend itself to the usual gender symbolism. The dynamic second line deals with feelings (the mother), and the magnetic fifth line deals with thoughts or conscious attitudes (the father). The Confucian commentary describes these correlate lines as uniting to attain symmetry. Ritsema/Karcher translate this as facilitating the unfolding of essence (tao). This suggests an overall rectification of thoughts and feelings to attain balance. The other translations emphasize that one obtains recognition and praise for this, suggesting a major accomplishment in the development of the Work.
Inasmuch as ordering activity and emotional receptivity are felt as belonging to the masculine and feminine principles respectively, the first life contacts with father and mother set the basic patterns for the development of our assertiveness and our feeling. When there are problems in these areas they must be confronted and consciously re-examined in terms of these original encounters before a further development can become possible. E. C. Whitmont -- The Symbolic Quest
A. Put some thought into your feelings, or: bring compassion into your thinking.
B. Rectify your thoughts and feelings: revise a limiting belief.
59 Dispersion
Autres titres : Dispersion, Dissolution, Désintégration, Dispersion, Surmonter la Dissension, Éparpillement, Disperser, Non intégré, Réunification, Évaporation, Réorganisation, New Deal, Remaniement, Correction de cap, Catharsis
Jugement
Legge : Expansion indique qu'il y aura progrès et succès. Le roi se rend à son temple ancestral. Il sera avantageux de traverser le grand cours d'eau. Il sera avantageux d'être ferme et correct.
Wilhelm/Baynes :Dispersion. Succès. Le roi s'approche de son temple. Il est bénéfique de traverser la grande eau. La persévérance est bénéfique.
Blofeld :Éparpillement -- succès ! Le roi s'est approché de son temple. [Un présage de sécurité.] Il est avantageux de traverser le grand fleuve (ou la mer). [C'est-à-dire, entreprendre un long voyage.] La persistance dans une voie juste apporte une récompense.
Liu : Dispersion. Succès. Le roi s'approche du temple. Il est bénéfique de traverser la grande eau. Il est bénéfique de continuer.
Ritsema/Karcher : Disperser, Croissance. Le roi imagine posséder un temple. Récolter : traverser le Grand Fleuve. Récolter l'Épreuve. [Cet hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de confrontation avec des obstacles, des illusions et des malentendus. Il souligne que dissiper ce qui bloque la lumière est la manière adéquate de le gérer. Pour être en accord avec le temps, on vous dit de : disperser ce qui obstrue la conscience !]
Shaughnessy : Dispersion : Réception ; le roi s'approche du temple ; bénéfique de traverser le grand fleuve ; bénéfique de déterminer.
Cleary (1) : Dans Dispersion il y a développement. Le roi vient avoir un sanctuaire. Il est bénéfique de traverser les grands fleuves. Il est bénéfique d'être correct.
Cleary (2) :Dispersion est réussie. Le roi se rend à son temple ancestral. Le bénéfice traverse les grands fleuves. Il est bénéfique si correct.
Wu : Dispersion indique la diffusion. Le roi rend hommage à son temple ancestral. Il sera avantageux de traverser le grand fleuve, mais seulement avec persévérance.
L'Image
Legge : L'image du vent se déplaçant sur l'eau forme Expansion. Les anciens rois, conformément à cela, présentaient des offrandes à Dieu et établissaient le temple ancestral.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Le vent souffle sur l'eau : l'image de la Dispersion. Ainsi les rois d'autrefois sacrifiaient au Seigneur et construisaient des temples.
Blofeld : Cet hexagramme symbolise le vent soufflant à la surface des eaux. Les rois d'autrefois construisaient des temples pour sacrifier au Seigneur Suprême du Ciel. [Un temple est un lieu de sécurité contre les maux du monde. Le symbolisme ici est que le trigramme supérieur forme un temple où les gens sont à l'abri du gouffre (le trigramme inférieur) ; sa ligne médiane (cinq) signifie le Roi. L'implication est que nous devrions employer des moyens spirituels ou moraux pour nous préserver du danger menacé par le trigramme inférieur.]
Liu : Le vent soufflant sur l'eau symbolise la Dispersion. Les anciens rois offraient des sacrifices à la Divinité, puis construisaient des temples.
Ritsema/Karcher : Le vent se déplace au-dessus du ruisseau. Disperser. Les Rois Anciens utilisaient la présentation tendant vers le suprême pour établir les temples.
Cleary (1) : Le vent souffle au-dessus de l'eau, Non intégré. Ainsi les anciens rois honoraient dieu et érigeaient des sanctuaires.
Cleary (2) : Le vent voyage sur l'eau, dispersant. Les anciens rois honoraient Dieu et érigeaient des sanctuaires.
Wu : Le vent se déplace au-dessus de l'eau ; c'est la Dispersion. Ainsi, les anciens rois faisaient des offrandes à l'Être Suprême et consacraient leur temple ancestral.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge : La ligne dynamique est centrale dans le trigramme inférieur, et la quatrième ligne magnétique est correcte dans le trigramme supérieur, s'unissant avec le dirigeant dynamique au-dessus d'elle. L'esprit du roi est sans déviation alors qu'il se rend à son temple ancestral. Il navigue sur l'eau dans un vaisseau de bois, et traversera le grand cours d'eau avec succès.
Legge : L'hexagramme de Expansion dénote un état de dissipation ou de dispersion. Il montre les esprits des hommes aliénés de la rectitude et sûrs de se diriger vers le désordre. Ici, une tentative est faite pour montrer comment la situation devrait être corrigée.
Le trigramme inférieur représente l'Eau, et le supérieur, le Vent. Le vent se déplaçant sur l'eau l'évapore, et suggère l'idée de dispersion. Le succès est indiqué car il y a des lignes dynamiques occupant les places centrales dans les trigrammes. La piété du roi émeut les esprits par sa sincérité -- lorsque l'esprit religieux règne dans les esprits des hommes, il n'y aura pas d'aliénation de ce qui est juste et bon. Dans de telles conditions, même des entreprises risquées peuvent être entreprises.
La deuxième phrase du commentaire confucéen commence littéralement par : "Le roi est en effet au milieu..." Cela signifie que son cœur et son esprit sont fixés sur la vérité centrale de ce qui est juste et bon. Le temple ancestral signifie la reconnaissance que des pratiques religieuses sincères contrecarraient la tendance à l'aliénation mutuelle et à l'égoïsme parmi les hommes. Le vaisseau en bois se réfère à l'un des attributs du trigramme supérieur, qui est le Bois. Il suggère un bateau naviguant sur l'eau (le trigramme inférieur), d'où : traverser la grande eau.
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : Concentrez-vous sur les idéaux de l'Œuvre et maintenez votre volonté. Une synthèse majeure est possible.
L'Homme Supérieur soumet son ego pour atteindre son potentiel latent.
En raison de la relation intime entre cette figure et l'hexagramme numéro 45, Contraction, j'ai choisi le titre de Expansion pour mieux souligner leur polarité.
Les "anciens rois et sages" sont plus mythiques qu'historiques, nous pouvons donc supposer qu'ils symbolisent des forces archétypales ("dieux") au sein de la psyché -- dont l'ego n'est que le représentant actuel dans l'espace-temps (c'est-à-dire, serviteur-facilitateur). Le Soi est le point focal, le centre de ce complexe de conscience multidimensionnel.
Dans les expériences intemporelles et sans espace, le monde profane est pratiquement exclu. Bien sûr, l'inverse est vrai de l'état profane de la routine quotidienne, dans lequel l'unité océanique avec l'univers, dans l'extase et le Samadhi, est pratiquement absente. Ainsi, l'exclusivité mutuelle des états "normaux" et exaltés, à la fois l'extase et le Samadhi, nous permet de postuler que l'homme, le système auto-référentiel, existe sur deux niveaux : en tant que "Soi" dans la dimension mentale des états exaltés ; et en tant que "Je" dans le monde objectif, où il est capable et désireux de changer la dimension physique "là-bas". R. Fischer -- "A Cartography of the Ecstatic and Meditative States," Science:174, 1971
Le symbole d'un temple, où l'on vénère ses ancêtres, peut être pris comme la gestalt parfaite de l'Œuvre telle qu'elle existe en dehors de l'espace-temps, ainsi que le dépôt karmique de toutes les incarnations précédentes. Il représente à la fois l'Œuvre achevée et l'Œuvre en cours. Que le temple familial ait été considéré en Chine comme symbolique d'un standard idéal de perfection tel que celui-ci, est impliqué dans le passage suivant :
Les négociations diplomatiques se déroulaient dans le temple ancestral, en présence véritable, croyait-on, des ancêtres ; des banquets diplomatiques y étaient également donnés. Même une proposition de mariage était reçue par le père de la future mariée dans son temple ancestral, en présence des esprits ... (Le monde de Confucius), nous devons nous en souvenir, était un monde dans lequel il y avait une quasi-rupture complète des normes morales ... Ce n'est que dans l'exécution des cérémonies religieuses qu'on pouvait encore trouver, de manière cohérente, un type de conduite régulée par une norme de comportement socialement acceptée, dans laquelle les actions des hommes étaient motivées par un modèle d'action coopérative, plutôt que par la cupidité et les passions du moment. H.G. Creel -- Confucius and the Chinese Way
Psychologiquement, Expansion dépeint un état de pression intérieure capable de résolution fructueuse si elle peut être correctement guidée. Le roi dans l'Image (dans ce cas, l'ego) se sacrifie pour un idéal élevé : le bien de l'Œuvre. Le commentaire de Legge nous dit que la "deuxième phrase du commentaire confucéen commence littéralement par : `Le roi est en effet au milieu...'" Cela suggère une combinaison de sa deuxième et troisième phrases dans la paraphrase : "Le roi suit un cours moyen en traversant l'eau vers le temple ancestral." Cela donne l'image d'un vaisseau et de la manière appropriée de le guider vers une destination. Quiconque a déjà dirigé un bateau avec un gouvernail sait que sur-corriger d'un côté ou de l'autre est un signe de mauvaise navigation : l'objectif est de maintenir un équilibre dynamique dans notre guidage de l'Œuvre. Les lignes deux et cinq représentent une correction de cap appropriée car elles sont toutes deux au milieu de leurs trigrammes respectifs.
Expansion est l'inverse de l'hexagramme suivant de Régulations Restrictives. Ce qui est là confiné et accumulé est ici distribué -- mais cette distribution doit se conformer au bien ultime de l'Œuvre. Pas n'importe quelle libération de tension ne fera l'affaire -- elle doit se recombiner en une nouvelle et meilleure organisation, comme illustré dans la quatrième ligne. Si ce nouvel ordre est approprié, la tension libérée précipite une catharsis, comme illustré dans la cinquième ligne.
La forme, alors, sous laquelle nos complexes nous confrontent est la forme sous laquelle les matériaux fondamentaux de notre structure humaine entrent dans notre existence ici et maintenant. Comme des cristaux, ils sont toujours imparfaits dans une certaine mesure et souvent méconnaissables ou grossièrement défigurés par rapport à la forme "idéale", la forme qui représenterait l'incorporation "pure" du schéma cristallin. Mais nous devons les rencontrer sous cette forme plus ou moins imparfaite ou déformée et à partir de cette forme, nous devons les transformer en quelque chose qui peut être plus proche de l'"intention" aborigène inhérente à leurs noyaux archétypaux. Cette entreprise, ce processus, est ce que Jung appelle l'individuation. E.C. Whitmont -- The Symbolic Quest
SUGGESTIONS POUR LA MÉDITATION
Le Jugement de l'hexagramme numéro quarante-cinq, Contraction, mentionne également le roi se rendant à son temple ancestral. Une comparaison étroite de cette figure avec Expansion révélera beaucoup sur les dynamiques de l'Œuvre.