Élevez-vous avec humilité, agissez avec clarté, et vos efforts authentiques mèneront à la lumière du progrès.
From
15
Modestie
To
35
Progrès
Soutenir jusqu'à la fin
On s'est efforcé de faire tout ce qu'on pouvait pour aider les autres à atteindre leur objectif. taoscopy.com
Modestie15
Adoptez l'humilité et l'équilibre ; laissez la modestie guider vos actions pour un progrès harmonieux.
↓ Line 3
Une personne qui allie modestie et compétence peut accomplir de grandes choses et mener des projets à bien.
↓ Line 4
La modestie dans l'action est toujours bénéfique et conduit au progrès.
↓ Line 6
Lorsque la modestie est évidente, il est approprié de prendre des mesures décisives pour corriger les problèmes internes et améliorer la communauté.
↓ Progrès35
Le progrès et la clarté émergent. Avec effort et clarté, l'avancement est possible. Gardez l'honnêteté et l'intégrité au premier plan.
Other titles: Modesty, The Symbol of Humility, Moderation, Humbling, Respectful/Humble, Yielding/Retiring. 1. Obtaining this hexagram implies that modesty is needed in our attitude, meaning, to allow ourself to be led without resistance. – C.K. Anthony. 2. A Humble or modest person is thought of as having an “empty or unoccupied” mind, meaning a mind without prejudice. – Chung Wu. 3. Only superior people who practice Tao know where to stop, disregard what they have and appear to have nothing. – T. Cleary.
Judgment
Legge:Temperance indicates successful progress. Temperancebrings a good issue to the superior man's undertakings.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty creates success. The superior man carries things through.
Blofeld:Modesty brings success. The Superior Man is able to carry affairs through to completion.
Liu: Modesty: success. The superior man can continue to work to the end.
Ritsema/Karcher: Humbling, Growing. A chun tzu possesses completing. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of the necessity to cut through pride and complication. It emphasizes that keeping your words unpretentious is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Modesty: Receipt; the gentleman has an end.
Cleary (1):Humility is developmental. The superior person has a conclusion.
Cleary (2):Humility gets through. A leader has a conclusion.
Wu:Humility is pervasive. The jun zi will have grace in death.
The Image
Legge: A mountain hidden within the earth -- the image of Temperance. The superior man, in accordance with this, diminishes his excesses to augment his insufficiencies, thus creating a just balance.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Within the earth, a mountain: the image of Modesty. Thus the superior man reduces that which is too much, and augments that which is too little. He weighs things and makes them equal.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes a mountain in the centre of the earth. The Superior Man takes from where there is too much in order to augment what is too little. He weighs things and apportions them fairly. [The component trigrams symbolize a mountain surrounded by flat earth, thus suggesting too much in one place and too little in others.]
Liu: The mountain within the earth symbolizes modesty. The superior man reduces the excess and increases the lacking; he weighs and then equalizes all things.
Ritsema/Karcher: Earth center possessing mountain. Humbling. A chun tzu uses reducing the numerous to augment the few. A chun tzu uses evaluating beings to even spreading-out.
Cleary (1): There are mountains in the earth; modesty. Thus does the superior person decrease the abundant and add to the scarce, assessing things and dealing impartially.
Cleary (2): … Leaders assess people and give impartially, by taking from the abundant and adding to the scarce.
Wu: There is a mountain inside earth; this is Humility. Thus the jun zi takes excess from the more to enrich the less and measures goods to ensure fair distribution. [To prepare oneself to accept what is fair among all his fellow men is the essence of humility.]
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: It is the way of heaven to dispense its blessings downwards, and the way of earth to radiate its influence upwards. Both heaven and earth diminish the full to augment the lowly. Spiritual beings inflict calamity on the proud and bless the meek, and men resent ostentation and love temperance. Temperanceenlightens an honorable office, and neither will men ignore it in lowly positions. Thus does the superior man attain his ends. [Emphasis editor's -- Ritsema/Karcher translate "spiritual beings" [Kuei Shen] as: "The whole range of imaginal beings both inside and outside the individual; spiritual powers, gods, demons, ghosts, powers, fetishes.”]
Legge: An essay on temperance rightly follows that on abundant possessions. The third line, dynamic among five magnetic lines, in the topmost place of the trigram of Keeping Still, is the ruler of the hexagram. He is the representative of Temperance -- strong, but self-effacing. The idea is that temperance is the way to permanent success.
The Confucian commentary deals generally with the subject of temperance, showing how it is valued by heaven and earth, by spirits and by men. The descent of the heavenly influences, and the low position of the earth are both symbolic of temperance. The heavenly influences are seen in the daily fluctuations of the sun and moon, and the fertility of the earth correspondingly waxes and wanes with the seasons.
The Daily Lecture says:"The five yin lines above and below symbolize the earth; the one yang line in the center is the mountain in the midst of the earth. The many yin lines represent men's desires; the one yang line represents the heavenly principle. The superior man, looking at this symbolism, diminishes the multitude of human desires within him, and increases the single shoot of the heavenly principle; so does he become grandly just, and can deal with all things evenly according to the nature of each. In whatever circumstances or place he is, he will do what is right.”
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Temperance means maintaining a dynamic/magnetic balance of forces to attain success.
The Superior Man maintains equilibrium in all that he does.
The most common translation of the title for this hexagram is Modesty, but I have chosen Temperance as a title more expressive of the ideas in the Image and Confucian commentary. The words “modesty” and “humility” often carry a connotation of weakness in western usage, and “temperance,” meaning to temper or regulate, is more expressive of the dynamic strength of will required to restrain and modulate the drive to dominate every situation.
The Image shows a mountain hidden beneath the earth--the quiet, invincible power of sheer will is hidden from view, yet it influences everything. Who observing such a level surface would know that the bulk of Mt. Everest was buried beneath it? Temperance means that one's power is hidden, that the fluctuations of heaven and earth are kept in such dynamic/magnetic balance as to be invisible to ordinary vision. The temperate person is strong enough to bear the weight of the world when that is necessary for the Work.
Marcus Aurelius, the Stoic Roman Emperor, was arguably the most powerful man of his time, yet his temperance and modesty showed him to fulfill the ideal of the superior man. Only the truly strong can be truly modest.
And let this truth be present to thee in the excitement of anger, that to be moved by passion is not manly, but that mildness and gentleness, as they are more agreeable to human nature, so also are they more manly; and he who possesses these qualities possesses strength, nerves and courage, and not the man who is subject to fits of passion and discontent. For in the same degree in which a man's mind is nearer to freedom from all passion, in the same degree also is it nearer to strength. Marcus Aurelius
Line 3
Legge: The third line, dynamic, shows the superior man of acknowledged merit. He will maintain his success to the end, and have good fortune.
Wilhelm/Baynes: A superior man of modesty and merit carries things to conclusion. Good fortune.
Blofeld: The Superior Man, exceedingly hard-working yet modest, brings his affairs to fruition -- good fortune!
Liu: The superior man works in a modest way to conclusion. Good fortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: Toiling Humbling: chun tzu. Possessing completing significant.
Shaughnessy: Toiling modesty; the gentleman has an end; auspicious.
Cleary (1): Working with humility, the superior person has a conclusion. This bodes well.
Cleary (2): Leaders who work and achieve yet are humble have an auspicious conclusion.
Wu: Working hard toward humility, the jun zi will have grace in death. This will be auspicious.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The myriads of the people will submit to him. Wilhelm/ Baynes: All the people obey him. Blofeld: The people most willingly submit to him. Ritsema/Karcher: The myriad commoners submitting indeed. Cleary (2): The people submit to leaders who work and achieve yet are humble. Wu: Because he has the support of all the people.
The Master said:"He toils with success, but does not boast of it; he achieves merit, but takes no virtue to himself from it; this is the height of generous goodness, and speaks of the man who with great merit yet places himself below others. He wishes his virtue to be more and more respectful, he who is so modest, carrying his respectfulness to the utmost, will be able to preserve himself in his position.”
Legge: Line three is dynamic, and occupies his proper place. He is the lord of the hexagram, to whom all represented by the lines above and below turn.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man disregards his fame and acknowledged merit but toils on laboriously and unpretentiously. He is supported by all the people in bringing his works to a successful conclusion.
Wing: With an unwavering commitment and hard work, you gain honor and fame. Do not allow such recognition to lead you astray or put you in a compromising position. Maintaining the perseverance that brought you prominence will win you continued support. You can then bring your work to completion.
Editor: The key idea here is the notion of inferior elements submitting to a calmly devoted superior element. The inferior elements acknowledge their superior and willingly submit to him.
Plans for control of the evil forces that have been loosed in the world, attempts to compensate the evil- doing by good works or sympathy for the victims, efforts to safeguard the peace or to effect ideal solutions of all the material problems involved, can do little to change the nature of the situation. The real problem, namely, the question of what can be done for civilization in face of the nonhuman forces arising from the collective unconscious in thousands or rather millions of individual persons, will remain untouched. However, if only one human being has met and solved the problem in himself, he will be a living demonstration of a solution. Such an individual carries with him the germ of a renaissance of the spiritual values of mankind. M.E. Harding -- Psychic Energy
A. The ego fulfills its role by bringing disparate elements (emotions, desires, appetites, etc.) into willing compliance with the goals of the Work.
B. A strong stance inspires obedience.
Line 4
Legge: The fourth line, magnetic, shows one whose action would be in every way advantageous, stirring up the more her temperance.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Nothing that would not further modesty in movement.
Blofeld: Everything will be propitious for those who cultivate modesty.
Liu: To act with modesty is beneficial toward everything.
Ritsema/Karcher: Without not Harvesting, demonstrating Humbling.
Shaughnessy: There is nothing not beneficial. False modesty.
Cleary (1): Beneficial to all, extending humility.
Cleary (2): Beneficial to all, the exercise of humility.
Wu: Promoting humility is nothing but advantageous.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: In doing this she does not act contrary to the proper rule. Wilhelm/Baynes: He does not overstep the rule. Blofeld: This involves no departure from what is right. Ritsema/Karcher: Not contradicting by-consequence indeed. Cleary (2): This is the way it is supposed to be. Wu: Because it violates no principle.
Legge: Line four is magnetic and in her proper place. She is sure to be successful and prosperous, but being so near the fifth-line ruler she should still use the greatest precaution. The "proper rule” is the rule proper for her in her circumstances so near the place of the ruler.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man maintains his modesty in the proper perspective. He does not avoid his responsibilities, abuse the ruler's confidence, or conceal the subordinate's merit.
Wing: Once the balance of true Moderation is reached, it must be continually maintained. This does not mean simply maintaining the form of Moderation, but continuing to cultivate equilibrium in your character and a sense of responsibility toward your society.
Editor: An unambiguous image of temperate action.
Modesty and humility are not signs of an inferiority complex. They are highly estimable, indeed admirable virtues and not complexes. They prove that their fortunate possessor is not a presumptuous fool but knows his limitations, and will therefore never stumble beyond the bounds of humanity, dazzled and intoxicated by his imagined greatness. Jung -- Depth Psychology and Self-Knowledge
A. Advance the Work through temperate, well-considered action, without exceeding your authority.
Line 6
Legge: The sixth line, magnetic, shows us temperance that has made itself recognized. The subject of it will with advantage put her army in motion, but she will only punish her own towns and state.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty that comes to expression. It is favorable to set armies marching to chastise one's own city and one's country.
Blofeld: Modestly crows the cock. Now is the time to set armies marching to subdue the cities and the countries of the empire.
Liu: Modesty is expressed. It is favorable to use the army to chastise the city and country.
Ritsema/Karcher: Calling Humbling. Harvesting: availing-of moving legions. Chastising the capital city.
Shaughnessy: Calling modesty; beneficial herewith to move troops to campaign against city and state.
Cleary (1): Trumpeting humility, it is profitable to use the army to conquer one’s land.
Cleary (2): Expressing humility, one profits from military operations attacking the country.
Wu: The subject rolls about humility. It will be advantageous to use the armies to chasten the seditious state.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: All her aims have not yet been attained. She may employ the force of arms only to correct her own towns and state. Wilhelm/ Baynes: The purpose is not yet attained. Blofeld: Because the ruler's will has yet to be carried out, it is proper to do so. [This omen can be taken to indicate that we can afford to go forward boldly with our plans, but only if their fruition will tally with the general good. "The ruler's will” in this case is roughly synonymous with the public good.] Ritsema/Karcher: Purpose not-yet acquired indeed. Permitting availing-of moving legions. Chastising the capital city indeed. Cleary (2): The aspiration has not been attained. Wu: His aspirations have not been fulfilled … The purpose is to chasten the seditious state.
Legge: The subject of the magnetic sixth line is outside a game that has been played out. She will use force, but only within her own sphere and to assert what is right. She will not be aggressive. Chu Hsi bases all that is said under line six on its being a magnetic line, so that the temperate ruler is unable even at the close of the action to accomplish all her objects, and must limit her field even in appealing to arms.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Even though the man's probity is recognized, his aims are not yet achieved. True modesty begins by disciplining one's own ego and the character of one's immediate circle, without being aggressive beyond.
Wing: Your inner development is not yet complete. The time calls for self-discipline. When difficulties arise, do not place the blame upon others. Once you begin to take responsibility for your own destiny you can bring order to your environment.
Editor: The ruler uses force to attain order in both this and the previous line, but here her influence is confined to immediate objectives. Temperance in this instance is expressed in her awareness of a lack of wholeness in the matter at hand, and of her own limitations in being able to effect completion. Psychologically, to "punish your own towns and state:” is to confine your action to the proper discipline of inner responses: emotions, drives, temptations, etc.
Better an equable man than a hero, a man master of himself than one who takes a city. Proverbs 16: 32
A. Recognize the limitations inherent in the situation and confine your action to objectives within your own sphere of control.
B. A modest, although incomplete, achievement. Confine your activity to controlling personal responses.
C. Don't get carried away with a modest achievement.
Autres titres : Progrès, Prospérité, Le Symbole de l'Avancement, Avancer, Avancement, Faire des Progrès, Comprendre l'Idée, "Vient l'Aube"
Jugement
Legge : Dans Avancement de la Conscience, nous voyons un prince qui assure la tranquillité du peuple, présenté à ce titre avec de nombreux chevaux par le roi, et reçu trois fois par jour en entretiens.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Progrès. Le puissant prince est honoré avec de nombreux chevaux. En une seule journée, il est reçu en audience trois fois.
Blofeld : Progrès. Le prince richement doté reçoit des faveurs royales sous forme de nombreux chevaux et est reçu en audience trois fois en une seule journée. [Ce passage indique un grand mérite richement récompensé.]
Liu : Le Marquis K'ang (riche, puissant, en bonne santé) est doté de nombreux chevaux par le roi, qui le reçoit trois fois en une seule journée.
Ritsema/Karcher : Prospérité, le feudataire calme profite de l'octroi de chevaux pour multiplier les multitudes. Soleil de jour trois fois réfléchi. [Ce hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de prospérité sous la pleine lumière du soleil. Il souligne que contribuer à cette augmentation en aidant les choses à prospérer est la manière adéquate de la gérer...]
Shaughnessy : Le Seigneur de Kang est ainsi récompensé par des chevaux en nombre luxuriant, se connectant trois fois en plein jour.
Cleary (1) :Avancement, un seigneur solidement établi présente de nombreux chevaux, et accorde audience trois fois par jour.
Cleary (2) : Avancement, un seigneur solidement établi est présenté avec, etc.
Wu : Avancement indique que le prince qui a assuré la paix et la prospérité de l'État est doté de nombreux chevaux de qualité. Le roi lui accorde audience trois fois en une journée.
L'Image
Legge : L'image de la terre et celle du soleil brillant émergeant au-dessus d'elle forment Avancement de la Conscience. L'homme supérieur, en accord avec cela, s'engage à rendre plus brillante sa vertu éclatante.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Le soleil se lève sur la terre : l'image du Progrès. Ainsi l'homme supérieur lui-même éclaire sa vertu éclatante.
Blofeld : Ce hexagramme symbolise le feu flamboyant de la terre. L'Homme Supérieur reflète en sa personne la gloire de la vertu céleste.
Liu : Le soleil se levant au-dessus de la terre est le symbole du Progrès. Ainsi l'homme supérieur éclaire son caractère.
Ritsema/Karcher : La clarté émerge au-dessus de la terre. Prospérité. Un chun tzu utilise l'éclairage originel pour éclairer l'actualisation-tao. [Actualiser-tao : ...capacité à suivre le cours tracé par le processus continu du cosmos... Lié à acquérir, TE : acquérir ce qui fait qu'un être devient ce qu'il est censé être.]
Cleary (1) : La lumière émerge au-dessus de la terre, avancement. Ainsi les personnes supérieures s'illuminent elles-mêmes de la qualité de l'éveil.
Cleary (2) : La lumière émerge au-dessus du sol, avancement. Les personnes développées illuminent la qualité de l'éveil par elles-mêmes.
Wu : La clarté s'élève au-dessus de la terre ; c'est Avancement. Ainsi le jun zi garde sa vertu éclatante brillante.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge : Dans Avancement de la Conscience nous avons le soleil brillant apparaissant au-dessus de la terre ; le symbole de la Soumission Docile s'attachant à celui de la Grande Clarté ; et la ligne magnétique avancée et se déplaçant au-dessus : toutes ces choses nous donnent l'idée d'un prince qui assure la tranquillité du peuple.
Legge : Le sujet du Jugement est un prince féodal dont les services à son pays l'ont rendu acceptable à son roi. La faveur du roi lui a été montrée par des cadeaux et des attentions personnelles. Le symbolisme des lignes indique les situations rencontrées par le prince. Le caractère écrit pour ce hexagramme signifie "avancer", une qualité qu'il partage avec les hexagrammes numéro quarante-six, Ascension, et numéro cinquante-trois, Progrès Graduel. Dans le cas présent, le soleil montant de la terre au méridien suggère facilement l'idée d'avancer.
Hu Ping-wen (dynastie Yuan) dit : "Parmi les choses fortes, il n'y a rien de plus fort que le Ciel, et donc l'homme supérieur se modèle sur sa force. Parmi les choses brillantes, il n'y a rien de plus brillant que le soleil, et il se modèle sur sa clarté."
Anthony : Ce hexagramme concerne le développement personnel qui produit des progrès dans notre situation de vie externe. Si nous ne progressons pas, nous devrions revoir notre attitude. Certaines idées largement acceptées peuvent être décadentes du point de vue du Sage, et donc obstruer le progrès. [Le "Sage" d'Anthony est conceptuellement identique au "Soi. -- Ed.]
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : Lorsque les manifestations autonomes de nos pulsions intérieures sont canalisées, leur énergie devient celle de l'ego. (Interprété psychologiquement : Ego et Soi sont en accord.)
L'Homme Supérieur concentre sa conscience sur le perfectionnement de l'Œuvre. (Parfois, cela peut prendre le sens de : "Devenir sage !")
Le trigramme de la Clarté en progression sur celui de la Docilité donne la formule pour un Avancement de la Conscience. La soumission de l'ego aux restrictions de l'Œuvre, et la soumission tranquille conséquente de ses pulsions, appétits et impulsions agités, aboutit finalement à un flux d'énergie concentré de l'intérieur. (Après des années d'effort, cela est parfois ressenti physiquement comme une sensation rayonnante émanant de la poitrine, ou de la région du cœur.) Recevoir cette figure sans lignes changeantes ne signifie pas nécessairement que l'on a atteint cette phase de l'Œuvre, mais cela suggère un progrès dans cette direction. Le nom traditionnel de ce hexagramme est, en fait : Progrès.
Le roi offrant des chevaux au prince en récompense pour avoir pacifié le royaume est analogue au Soi récompensant l'ego pour avoir contrôlé les forces autonomes au sein de la psyché. C'est une discipline essentiellement chamanique : les "chevaux" symbolisent les pulsions et émotions apprivoisées. De telles circonstances indiquent un Avancement de la Conscience ou une progression vers le but de "l'éveil" ou de l'intégration psychique, symbolisé par le soleil traversant la terre.
Cet état de dynamisme de la vie dans lequel la conscience se réalise comme une personnalité divisée et séparée qui aspire et s'efforce vers l'union avec son partenaire inconnu et inconnaissable, le Soi, Jung l'a appelé le processus d'individuation. C'est un effort conscient pour devenir ce que l'on "est" ou plutôt "est censé être." E.C. Whitmont -- La Quête Symbolique
La dernière phrase de la citation ci-dessus est exactement analogue à la traduction de Ritsema/Karcher de l'Image de ce hexagramme, où l'homme supérieur (chun tzu) "utilise l'éclairage originel pour éclairer l'actualisation-tao."
"Actualisation-tao" est la "capacité à suivre le cours tracé par le processus continu du cosmos... Lié à acquérir, TE : acquérir ce qui fait qu'un être devient ce qu'il est censé être."
Interprété psychologiquement alors, ce hexagramme aborde divers thèmes rencontrés au cours du processus d'individuation, qui n'est rien d'autre qu'un Avancement de la Conscience.
La phrase clé dans le Jugement de Legge est "la tranquillité du peuple." Il est relativement facile de sublimer ses pulsions, tout en ressentant encore du ressentiment à ce sujet -- en effet, c'est la forme que prend normalement le processus au début de l'Œuvre. Nos forces intérieures sont comme des enfants ou des animaux qui doivent apprendre à accepter les restrictions de la discipline. Une fois qu'ils l'ont acceptée et ont cessé de la ressentir (c'est-à-dire une fois qu'ils sont devenus "tranquilles"), ils sont prêts à être utiles aux intentions du Soi.
Par exemple : un chien non dressé poursuivra et tuera instinctivement des moutons s'il en a l'occasion ; d'autre part, un chien correctement dressé rassemblera et contrôlera un troupeau de moutons même en l'absence de son maître. Quiconque a observé un chien de berger dressé en action sait quels exploits étonnants ils accomplissent avec une grande joie dans la performance. Ils sont "tranquilles" dans leur rôle, et protégeront même les moutons des chiens non dressés qui les tueraient. Lorsque nos instincts ont appris à accepter tranquillement la discipline, ils sont prêts à nous aider dans les niveaux supérieurs de l'Œuvre. Jusqu'à ce moment, l'Œuvre consiste en grande partie à "dresser le chien." L'analogie est appropriée, car tout comme un chien non dressé n'est jamais aussi heureux dans sa volonté qu'un chien bien dressé dans son but, de même la permissivité indisciplinée ne peut se comparer aux joies du pouvoir contrôlé et de l'intention focalisée.